Textbook Question
Which of the following would you not expect to see in the first stage of inflammation?
a. Histamine
b. Kinins
c. Macrophages
d. Increased blood vessel permeability
e. Eicosanoids
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Ch. 11 - Innate Immunity
Norman-McKay2nd EditionMicrobiology: Basic and Clinical PrinciplesISBN: 9780137661619
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Introduction to Microbiology22
- Ch. 2 - Biochemistry Basics19
- Ch. 3 - Introduction to Prokaryotic Cells17
- Ch. 4 - Introduction to Eukaryotic Cells16
- Ch. 5 - Genetics25
- Ch. 6 - Viruses and Prions12
- Ch. 7 - Fundamentals of Microbial Growth20
- Ch. 8 - Microbial Metabolism16
- Ch. 9 - Principles of Infectious Disease and Epidemiology11
- Ch. 10 - Host Microbe Interactions and Pathogenesis19
- Ch. 11 - Innate Immunity24
- Ch. 12 - Adaptive Immunity22
- Ch. 13 - Immune System Disorders15
- Ch. 14 - Biomedical Applications: Vaccines, Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Molecular Method14
- Ch. 15 - Antimicrobial Drugs18
- Ch. 16 - Respiratory System Infections16
- Ch. 17 - Skin and Eye Infections19
- Ch. 18 - Nervous System Infections12
- Ch. 19 - Digestive System Infections20
- Ch. 20 - Urinary and Reproductive System Infections10
- Ch. 21 - Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Infections15
Norman-McKay2nd EditionMicrobiology: Basic and Clinical PrinciplesISBN: 9780137661619Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 11, Problem 6
The ____________ cascade of complement activation is initiated by antibodies. In contrast, the ____________ cascade is activated by a direct interaction with complement proteins, and the ____________ cascade is activated by MBL associating with a pathogen.
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Identify the three complement activation pathways involved in the immune response: the classical pathway, the alternative pathway, and the lectin pathway.
Understand that the classical pathway is initiated by antibodies binding to antigens on the surface of pathogens, which then interact with complement proteins to start the cascade.
Recognize that the alternative pathway is activated directly by the presence of pathogen surfaces without the need for antibodies, involving spontaneous hydrolysis of complement proteins.
Know that the lectin pathway is triggered when mannose-binding lectin (MBL) binds to specific carbohydrate patterns on the surface of pathogens, initiating the complement cascade.
Fill in the blanks accordingly: the first blank corresponds to the classical pathway, the second to the alternative pathway, and the third to the lectin pathway.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Classical Complement Pathway
The classical pathway is initiated when antibodies, specifically IgG or IgM, bind to antigens on a pathogen's surface. This antibody-antigen complex then activates the first complement protein, C1, triggering a cascade that leads to pathogen elimination.
Recommended video:
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03:42
3) Classical Pathway
Alternative Complement Pathway
The alternative pathway is activated directly by complement proteins interacting with pathogen surfaces without the need for antibodies. It provides a rapid, antibody-independent defense by spontaneously activating complement components on microbial membranes.
Recommended video:
Guided course
04:401) Alternative Pathway
Lectin Complement Pathway
The lectin pathway is initiated when mannose-binding lectin (MBL) binds to specific carbohydrate patterns on pathogens. This binding activates associated proteases, leading to complement activation similar to the classical pathway but independent of antibodies.
Recommended video:
Guided course
03:042) Lectin Pathway
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Which of the following would most directly reduce fever? Select all that apply.
a. Limiting the number of circulating white blood cells
b. Reducing eicosanoid production
c. Inhibiting pyrogenic cytokines
d. Stimulating the action of prostaglandins
e. Administering antihistamines
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Textbook Question
Which of the following would you expect to see in acute infection by a Gram-negative bacterium? Select all that apply.
a. Pyrexia
b. Decreased lymphocytes
c. Neutrophilic lymphocytosis
d. Decreased monocytes
e. Increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines
Textbook Question
Which of the following would you expect to see increased in circulation in a patient suffering from allergies? Select all that apply.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
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Textbook Question
Make a Venn diagram to compare and contrast innate and adaptive immunity.
Textbook Question
Label the following as granulocytes or agranulocytes and classify them as innate or adaptive cellular responders.
Basophil
Monocyte
Macrophage
Lymphocyte
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Mast cell
NK cell
T cell
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