Textbook Question
The following processes are used in wastewater treatment. Match the stage of treatment with the processes. Each choice can be used once, more than once, or not at all.
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Ch. 27 - Environmental Microbiology
Tortora14th EditionMicrobiology: An IntroductionISBN: 9780138200398
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - The Microbial World and You18
- Ch. 2 - Chemical Principles20
- Ch. 3 - Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope18
- Ch. 4 - Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells21
- Ch. 5 - Microbial Metabolism20
- Ch. 6 - Microbial Growth20
- Ch. 7 - The Control of Microbial Growth20
- Ch. 8 - Microbial Genetics19
- Ch. 9 - Biotechnology & DNA Technology20
- Ch. 10 - Classification of Microorganisms15
- Ch. 11 - The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea14
- Ch. 12 - The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths17
- Ch. 13 - Viruses, Viroids, and Prions20
- Ch. 14 - Principles of Disease and Epidemiology21
- Ch. 15 - Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity19
- Ch. 16 - Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host20
- Ch. 17 - Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host20
- Ch. 18 - Practical Applications of Immunology20
- Ch. 19 - Disorders Associated with the Immune System19
- Ch. 20 - Antimicrobial Drugs19
- Ch. 21 - Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes21
- Ch. 22 - Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System19
- Ch. 23 - Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems20
- Ch. 24 - Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System20
- Ch. 25 - Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System20
- Ch. 26 - Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems19
- Ch. 27 - Environmental Microbiology20
- Ch. 28 - Applied and Industrial Microbiology19
Tortora14th EditionMicrobiology: An IntroductionISBN: 9780138200398Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 27, Problem 6
The following organisms have important roles as symbionts with plants and fungi; describe the symbiotic relationship of each organism with its host: cyanobacteria, mycorrhizae, Rhizobium, Frankia.
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Identify the type of symbiotic relationship each organism has with its host, focusing on whether it is mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.
For cyanobacteria, explain their role in nitrogen fixation and how they form symbiotic associations with certain plants or fungi, benefiting both partners.
Describe mycorrhizae as a mutualistic association between fungi and plant roots, where fungi enhance nutrient and water uptake for the plant, and in return receive carbohydrates.
Explain the relationship of Rhizobium bacteria with leguminous plants, highlighting how Rhizobium fixes atmospheric nitrogen into a form usable by the plant within root nodules.
Discuss Frankia bacteria and their symbiotic relationship with actinorhizal plants, focusing on nitrogen fixation and the formation of root nodules similar to Rhizobium.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Symbiosis and Types of Symbiotic Relationships
Symbiosis refers to a close and long-term biological interaction between two different organisms. It can be mutualistic, where both partners benefit; commensalistic, where one benefits without harming the other; or parasitic, where one benefits at the expense of the other. Understanding these types helps clarify how organisms like cyanobacteria, mycorrhizae, Rhizobium, and Frankia interact with their hosts.
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Symbiotic Relationships
Nitrogen Fixation by Symbiotic Bacteria
Certain bacteria such as Rhizobium and Frankia form symbiotic relationships with plants by fixing atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, a form usable by plants. This process enriches soil fertility and supports plant growth, especially in nitrogen-poor environments. Recognizing nitrogen fixation is key to understanding the ecological role of these symbionts.
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05:59Symbiotic Relationships
Mycorrhizal Associations and Nutrient Exchange
Mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations between fungi and plant roots that enhance nutrient and water uptake for the plant. In return, the fungus receives carbohydrates from the plant. This mutualistic relationship improves plant health and soil structure, illustrating the importance of fungal symbionts in ecosystems.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Use the following choices to answer the question:
a. Aerobic respiration
b. Anaerobic respiration
c. Anoxygenic photosynthesis
d. Oxygenic photosynthesis
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Textbook Question
Use the following choices to answer the question:
a. Aerobic respiration
b. Anaerobic respiration
c. Anoxygenic photosynthesis
d. Oxygenic photosynthesis
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Textbook Question
The water used to prepare intravenous solutions in a hospital contained endotoxins. Infection control personnel performed plate counts to find the source of the bacteria. Their results:
All of the following conclusions about the bacteria can be drawn except which one?
a. They were present as a biofilm in the pipes.
b. They are gram-negative.
c. They come from fecal contamination.
d. They come from the city water supply.
e. none of the above
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Textbook Question
Outline the treatment process for drinking water.
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Textbook Question
Identify where the following processes occur: ammonification, decomposition, denitrification, nitrification, nitrogen fixation. Name at least one organism responsible for each process.
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