Textbook Question
Label the heavy chains, light chains, and variable and Fc regions of this typical antibody. Indicate where the antibody binds to antigen. Sketch an IgM antibody.
Ch. 17 - Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host
Tortora14th EditionMicrobiology: An IntroductionISBN: 9780138200398
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - The Microbial World and You18
- Ch. 2 - Chemical Principles20
- Ch. 3 - Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope18
- Ch. 4 - Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells21
- Ch. 5 - Microbial Metabolism20
- Ch. 6 - Microbial Growth20
- Ch. 7 - The Control of Microbial Growth20
- Ch. 8 - Microbial Genetics19
- Ch. 9 - Biotechnology & DNA Technology20
- Ch. 10 - Classification of Microorganisms15
- Ch. 11 - The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea14
- Ch. 12 - The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths17
- Ch. 13 - Viruses, Viroids, and Prions20
- Ch. 14 - Principles of Disease and Epidemiology21
- Ch. 15 - Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity19
- Ch. 16 - Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host20
- Ch. 17 - Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host20
- Ch. 18 - Practical Applications of Immunology20
- Ch. 19 - Disorders Associated with the Immune System19
- Ch. 20 - Antimicrobial Drugs19
- Ch. 21 - Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes21
- Ch. 22 - Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System19
- Ch. 23 - Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems20
- Ch. 24 - Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System20
- Ch. 25 - Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System20
- Ch. 26 - Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems19
- Ch. 27 - Environmental Microbiology20
- Ch. 28 - Applied and Industrial Microbiology19
Tortora14th EditionMicrobiology: An IntroductionISBN: 9780138200398Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 17, Problem 4
Match the following choices to questions 1–4:
a. Innate resistance
b. Naturally acquired active immunity
c. Naturally acquired passive immunity
d. Artificially acquired active immunity
e. Artificially acquired passive immunity
A newborn’s immunity to yellow fever.
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the types of immunity listed. Innate resistance (a) is the natural, non-specific defense present from birth. Naturally acquired active immunity (b) occurs when a person is exposed to a pathogen and develops their own immune response. Naturally acquired passive immunity (c) involves the transfer of antibodies from mother to child, such as through the placenta or breast milk. Artificially acquired active immunity (d) results from vaccination, where an antigen is introduced to stimulate the immune system. Artificially acquired passive immunity (e) involves the injection of antibodies from an external source, such as antiserum.
Step 2: Analyze the scenario: 'A newborn’s immunity to yellow fever.' Since the newborn has not been vaccinated or exposed to yellow fever, active immunity (either natural or artificial) is unlikely.
Step 3: Consider how the newborn could have immunity. The newborn may have received antibodies from the mother through the placenta during pregnancy or through breast milk after birth, which is a form of passive immunity.
Step 4: Determine whether this passive immunity is naturally or artificially acquired. Since the antibodies come from the mother naturally, this is naturally acquired passive immunity.
Step 5: Match the scenario to the correct choice: 'A newborn’s immunity to yellow fever' corresponds to choice (c) naturally acquired passive immunity.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Innate Resistance
Innate resistance refers to the natural, non-specific defense mechanisms present from birth that protect an organism against pathogens. It includes physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes, as well as cellular defenses such as phagocytes. This type of immunity does not require prior exposure to a pathogen.
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Introduction to Innate Immunity
Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity
Naturally acquired passive immunity occurs when antibodies are transferred from mother to child, typically through the placenta during pregnancy or via breast milk. This provides immediate but temporary protection to the newborn without the infant’s immune system actively producing antibodies.
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Active vs Passive Immunity
Active immunity involves the body’s own immune response to produce antibodies after exposure to an antigen, either naturally or through vaccination. Passive immunity, in contrast, is the direct transfer of antibodies from another source, providing immediate but short-lived protection without immune memory.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
a. In the following graph, at time A the host was injected with tetanus toxoid. Show the response to a booster dose at time B.
b. Draw the antibody response of this same individual to exposure to a new antigen at time B.
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Textbook Question
Match the following choices to the statements in questions 5–7:
a. IgA
b. IgD
c. IgE
d. IgG
e. IgM
Antibodies that protect the fetus and newborn.
Textbook Question
Diagram the roles that T cells and B cells play in immunity.
2
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Textbook Question
Explain a function for the following types of cells: CTL, TH, and Treg. What is a cytokine?
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Textbook Question
Match the following choices to questions 1–4:
a. Innate resistance
b. Naturally acquired active immunity
c. Naturally acquired passive immunity
d. Artificially acquired active immunity
e. Artificially acquired passive immunity
The type of protection resulting from recovery from an infection.
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