Multiple Choice
The “RNA World” hypothesis is largely based on RNA’s ability to do what two specific things?
Table of contents
- 1. Introduction to Biology2h 17m
- 2. Chemistry of Life7h 30m
- Atoms - Smallest Unit of Matter58m
- Isotopes36m
- Introduction to Chemical Bonding21m
- Covalent Bonds40m
- Noncovalent Bonds5m
- Ionic Bonding37m
- Hydrogen Bonding19m
- Introduction to Water7m
- Properties of Water - The Universal Solvent13m
- Properties of Water - Thermal14m
- Acids and Bases13m
- pH Scale21m
- Carbon8m
- Monomers & Polymers11m
- Carbohydrates23m
- Lipids28m
- Proteins31m
- Nucleic Acids34m
- ATP22m
- 3. Structure & Function of Cells6h 14m
- Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells26m
- Microscopes11m
- Introduction to Eukaryotic Organelles16m
- Endomembrane System: Protein Secretion25m
- Endomembrane System: Digestive Organelles12m
- Mitochondria & Chloroplasts21m
- Introduction to the Cytoskeleton11m
- Biological Membranes10m
- Concentration Gradients and Diffusion9m
- Introduction to Membrane Transport15m
- Osmosis31m
- Simple and Facilitated Diffusion17m
- Passive vs. Active Transport13m
- Active Transport30m
- Endocytosis & Exocytosis15m
- Introduction to Metabolism8m
- Introduction to Cellular Respiration22m
- Types of Phosphorylation14m
- Glycolysis20m
- Pyruvate Oxidation8m
- Krebs Cycle16m
- Electron Transport Chain14m
- 4. Tissues & Organ Systems7h 6m
- Introduction to Tissues & Histology16m
- Introduction to Epithelial Tissue24m
- Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue35m
- Structural Naming of Epithelial Tissue19m
- Introduction to Connective Tissue36m
- Classes of Connective Tissue8m
- Introduction to Connective Tissue Proper40m
- Specialized Connective Tissue: Cartilage44m
- Specialized Connective Tissue: Bone12m
- Specialized Connective Tissue: Blood9m
- Introduction to Muscle Tissue7m
- Types of Muscle Tissue45m
- Introduction to Nervous Tissue8m
- Nervous Tissue: The Neuron8m
- Levels of Organization13m
- Introduction to Organ Systems27m
- Homeostasis10m
- Feedback Loops11m
- Feedback Loops: Negative Feedback19m
- Feedback Loops: Positive Feedback11m
- Introduction to the Integumentary System14m
- 5. The Skeletal System4h 17m
- An Introduction to Bone and Skeletal Tissue18m
- Gross Anatomy of Bone: Compact and Spongy Bone7m
- Gross Anatomy of Bone: Periosteum and Endosteum11m
- Gross Anatomy of Bone: Bone Marrow8m
- Gross Anatomy of Bone: Short, Flat, and Irregular Bones5m
- Gross Anatomy of Bones - Structure of a Long Bone23m
- Microscopic Anatomy of Bones - Bone Matrix9m
- Introduction to the Skeleton6m
- The Skull49m
- The Spine13m
- The Thoracic Cage11m
- The Pectoral Girdle11m
- Bones of the Upper Limb18m
- The Pelvic Girdle22m
- Bone of the Lower Limb21m
- Introduction to Joints18m
- 6. The Muscular System2h 45m
- 7. Blood4h 23m
- 8. The Heart & Blood Vessels4h 16m
- 9. The Immune & Lymphatic Systems10h 53m
- Introduction to the Lymphatic System26m
- Lymphoid Cells & Tissues15m
- Overview of Lymphoid Organs8m
- Primary Lymphoid Organs24m
- Secondary Lymphoid Organs: Lymph Nodes26m
- Secondary Lymphoid Organs: The Spleen25m
- Introduction to Immunity8m
- Introduction to Innate Immunity17m
- Introduction to First-Line Defenses5m
- Physical Barriers in First-Line Defenses: Skin13m
- Physical Barriers in First-Line Defenses: Mucous Membrane9m
- First-Line Defenses: Chemical Barriers20m
- First-Line Defenses: Normal Microbiota5m
- Introduction to Cells of the Immune System15m
- Cells of the Immune System: Granulocytes29m
- Cells of the Immune System: Agranulocytes25m
- Introduction to the Complement System24m
- Antigens12m
- Introduction to T Lymphocytes38m
- Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules20m
- Functions of T Lymphocytes25m
- Review of Cytotoxic vs. Helper T Cells13m
- Introduction to B LymphocytesBonus27m
- Antibodies14m
- Classes of Antibodies35m
- Primary & Secondary Response of Adaptive Immunity21m
- Types of Acquired Immunity13m
- Introduction to Vaccines13m
- Immunotherapy: Monoclonal Antibodies12m
- Introduction to Antimicrobial Drugs8m
- How Antimicrobial Drugs Work10m
- Antimicrobial Resistance29m
- Type I Hypersensitivities27m
- Autoimmune Diseases22m
- 10. The Respiratory System3h 20m
- 11. The Nervous System & Nervous Tissue4h 25m
- Ions - Sodium and Potassium19m
- Resting Membrane Potential11m
- Change in Membrane Potential6m
- Properties of Graded and Action Potentials9m
- Graded Potentials17m
- Action Potentials10m
- The Refractory Period8m
- Propagation of Action Potentials11m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System18m
- The Cerebrum48m
- Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System10m
- Control of the ANS11m
- Introduction to Reflex Arcs13m
- Reflex Arcs15m
- Sympathetic Nervous System39m
- Parasympathetic Nervous System8m
- Review of the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions5m
- 12. Sensory Mechanisms44m
- 13. The Endocrine System2h 47m
- 14. The Digestive System and Nutrition4h 36m
- Overview of the Digestive System21m
- Organs of the Gastrointenstinal Tract32m
- Accessory Organs9m
- Nutrient Absorption and Transport12m
- Introduction to Nutrition9m
- Dietary Guidelines for Americans26m
- Macronutrients11m
- Micronutrients11m
- Fiber and Phytochemicals6m
- Food Labels29m
- Energy in Food15m
- Healthy Weight7m
- Energy Balance28m
- Eating Disorders32m
- Disorders of the Digestive System22m
- 15. The Urinary System2h 39m
- 16. The Reproductive System2h 32m
- 17. Cell Reproduction & Differentiation4h 54m
- Introduction to Cell Division23m
- Organization of DNA in the Cell17m
- Introduction to the Cell Cycle7m
- Genes & Alleles10m
- Central Dogma7m
- Introduction to Transcription20m
- Steps of Transcription22m
- Introduction to Types of RNA9m
- Genetic Code23m
- Introduction to Translation30m
- Steps of Translation23m
- Phases of Mitosis48m
- Introduction to Meiosis9m
- Meiosis I12m
- Meiosis II11m
- Cell Cycle Regulation15m
- 18. Cancer37m
- 19. Genetics & Inheritance3h 33m
- 20. Genetic Engineering1h 43m
- 21. Development, Maturation & Aging1h 21m
- 22. Evolution and the Origins of Life4h 5m
- 23. Ecology3h 17m
- 24. Human Environmental Impact24m
22. Evolution and the Origins of Life
Origin of Life
Multiple Choice
The Miller-Urey experiment showed that molecules like amino acids can form abiotically. However, the experiment has been criticized for using what are now believed to be incorrect environmental conditions. Scientists have since repeated the experiment using conditions that are thought to be more like the conditions where life first evolved and achieved the same results. What conditions did scientists likely try to replicate in the lab to model the abiotic synthesis of the first biological molecules?
A
Neutral chemistry at the edges of melting glaciers.
B
Alkaline hydrothermal vents in the ocean.
C
Dry acidic conditions with abundant silica.
D
Tidal pools with abundant lightning activity.
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