Textbook Question
Using the answer from problem 8.61, how many grams of nitrogen are in Louisa’s lungs at STP if air contains 78% nitrogen?
Ch.8 Gases
Timberlake14th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9781292472249
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Chemistry in Our Lives19
- Ch.2 Chemistry and Measurements80
- Ch.3 Matter and Energy53
- Ch.4 Atoms and Elements58
- Ch.5 Nuclear Chemistry42
- Ch.6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds57
- Ch.7 Chemical Quantities and Reactions38
- Ch.8 Gases30
- Ch.9 Solutions50
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases and Equilibrium64
- Ch.11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons77
- Ch.12 Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones82
- Ch.13 Carbohydrates54
- Ch.14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides91
- Ch.15 Lipids61
- Ch.16 Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes84
- Ch.17 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis86
- Ch.18 Metabolic Pathways and ATP Production73
Timberlake14th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9781292472249Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 8, Problem 64b
Two flasks of equal volume and at the same temperature contain different gases. One flask contains 5.0 g of O2 and the other flask contains 5.0 g of H2. Is each of the following statements true or false? Explain.
b. The pressures in the flasks are the same.
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Recall the Ideal Gas Law, which is expressed as . Here, P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature. Since the flasks have the same volume (V) and are at the same temperature (T), the pressure (P) depends on the number of moles (n) of gas in each flask.
Step 2: Calculate the number of moles of O₂ in the first flask. Use the formula , where m is the mass of the gas and M is its molar mass. For O₂, the molar mass is approximately 32.00 g/mol. Substitute m = 5.0 g and M = 32.00 g/mol to find the moles of O₂.
Step 3: Calculate the number of moles of H₂ in the second flask using the same formula, . For H₂, the molar mass is approximately 2.016 g/mol. Substitute m = 5.0 g and M = 2.016 g/mol to find the moles of H₂.
Step 4: Compare the number of moles of O₂ and H₂. Since the pressure in each flask depends on the number of moles (n) and the number of moles is different for O₂ and H₂ due to their differing molar masses, the pressures in the flasks will not be the same.
Step 5: Conclude that the statement 'The pressures in the flasks are the same' is false, and explain that the difference arises because the number of moles of gas in each flask is different, even though the masses of the gases are the same.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Ideal Gas Law
The Ideal Gas Law is a fundamental equation in chemistry that relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of a gas. It is expressed as PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature. This law helps in understanding how gases behave under different conditions and is essential for analyzing the scenario presented in the question.
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Molar Mass
Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). Different gases have different molar masses, which affects their behavior in a given volume and temperature. In the context of the question, the molar masses of O₂ and H₂ are crucial for determining the number of moles present in each flask, which directly influences the pressure exerted by each gas.
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Gas Pressure
Gas pressure is the force exerted by gas molecules colliding with the walls of their container. According to the Ideal Gas Law, if the volume and temperature are constant, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas present. Therefore, to determine if the pressures in the two flasks are the same, one must compare the number of moles of O₂ and H₂ based on their respective masses and molar masses.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Indicate which diagram (1, 2, or 3) represents the volume of the gas sample in a flexible container when each of the following changes (a to d) takes place:
d. Doubling the atmospheric pressure and doubling the Kelvin temperature.
Textbook Question
In certain lung ailments such as emphysema, there is a decrease in the ability of oxygen to diffuse into the blood.
b. Why does a person with severe emphysema sometimes use a portable oxygen tank?
Textbook Question
At 100 °C, which of the following diagrams (1, 2, or 3) represents a gas sample that exerts the:
b. highest pressure?
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Textbook Question
Indicate which diagram (1, 2, or 3) represents the volume of the gas sample in a flexible container when each of the following changes (a to d) takes place:
c. Atmospheric pressure decreases if temperature does not change.
Textbook Question
In certain lung ailments such as emphysema, there is a decrease in the ability of oxygen to diffuse into the blood.
a. How would the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood change?