Textbook Question
Indicate if pressure increases, decreases, or stays the same in each of the following:
a.
Ch.8 Gases
Timberlake14th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9781292472249
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Chemistry in Our Lives19
- Ch.2 Chemistry and Measurements80
- Ch.3 Matter and Energy53
- Ch.4 Atoms and Elements58
- Ch.5 Nuclear Chemistry42
- Ch.6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds57
- Ch.7 Chemical Quantities and Reactions38
- Ch.8 Gases30
- Ch.9 Solutions50
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases and Equilibrium64
- Ch.11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons77
- Ch.12 Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones82
- Ch.13 Carbohydrates54
- Ch.14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides91
- Ch.15 Lipids61
- Ch.16 Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes84
- Ch.17 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis86
- Ch.18 Metabolic Pathways and ATP Production73
Timberlake14th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9781292472249Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 8, Problem 69b
At a restaurant, a customer chokes on a piece of food. You put your arms around the person's waist and use your fists to push up on the person's abdomen, an action called the Heimlich maneuver.
b. Why does it cause the person to expel the food item from the airway?
Verified step by step guidance1
The Heimlich maneuver works based on the principles of pressure and gas laws, specifically Boyle's Law, which states that the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional at constant temperature. This means that if the volume of a gas decreases, its pressure increases.
When you perform the Heimlich maneuver, you apply a sudden upward force on the person's abdomen. This force compresses the diaphragm, which in turn reduces the volume of the thoracic cavity (the chest area).
As the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases, the pressure inside the lungs increases significantly. This is because the air inside the lungs is compressed into a smaller space, leading to a rapid rise in pressure.
The increased pressure in the lungs forces air to move upward through the trachea (windpipe) with great force. This rapid expulsion of air creates a strong airflow directed outward.
The strong outward airflow dislodges the obstructing food item from the airway, allowing the person to breathe again. This is why the Heimlich maneuver is effective in clearing airway obstructions.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Heimlich Maneuver
The Heimlich maneuver is a first aid technique used to treat choking. It involves a series of abdominal thrusts aimed at creating pressure in the abdomen, which can force an object lodged in the airway out. This technique is crucial in emergency situations to restore airflow and prevent asphyxiation.
Airway Obstruction
Airway obstruction occurs when an object blocks the flow of air into the lungs, preventing normal breathing. In the case of choking, food or other items can become lodged in the trachea, leading to a lack of oxygen. Understanding how obstructions occur helps in recognizing the urgency of performing the Heimlich maneuver.
Pressure Dynamics
The Heimlich maneuver relies on the principles of pressure dynamics, where increasing pressure in the abdominal cavity can expel an object from the airway. By pushing upward on the abdomen, the maneuver creates a rapid increase in pressure that can dislodge the obstruction, allowing the person to breathe again.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
In 1783, Jacques Charles launched his first balloon filled with hydrogen gas, which he chose because it was lighter than air. If the balloon had a volume of 31 000 L, how many kilograms of hydrogen were needed to fill the balloon at STP?
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Textbook Question
A weather balloon is partially filled with helium to allow for expansion at high altitudes. At STP, a weather balloon is filled with enough helium to give a volume of 25.0 L. At an altitude of 30.0 km and –35 ⁰C, it has expanded to 2460 L. The increase in volume causes it to burst and a small parachute returns the instruments to Earth.
b. What is the final pressure, in millimeters of mercury, of the helium inside the balloon when it bursts?
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Textbook Question
A balloon is filled with helium gas with a partial pressure of 1.00 atm and neon gas with a partial pressure of 0.50 atm. For each of the following changes (a to e) of the initial balloon, select the diagram (A, B, or C) that shows the final volume of the balloon:
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d. The Kelvin temperature doubles and half of the gas atoms leak out (P does not change).
Textbook Question
A balloon is filled with helium gas with a partial pressure of 1.00 atm and neon gas with a partial pressure of 0.50 atm. For each of the following changes (a to e) of the initial balloon, select the diagram (A, B, or C) that shows the final volume of the balloon:
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c. All of the neon gas is removed (T and P do not change).
Textbook Question
A mixture of nitrogen (N2) and helium has a volume of 365 mL at 30 °C and a total pressure of 745 mmHg. (8.5, 8.6, 8.7)
a. If the partial pressure of helium is 65 mmHg, what is the partial pressure of the nitrogen?