Textbook Question
Identify each of the following changes of state as melting, freezing, sublimation, or deposition:
c. Heat is removed from 125 g of liquid water at 0 °C.
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Ch.3 Matter and Energy
Timberlake14th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9781292472249
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Chemistry in Our Lives19
- Ch.2 Chemistry and Measurements80
- Ch.3 Matter and Energy53
- Ch.4 Atoms and Elements58
- Ch.5 Nuclear Chemistry42
- Ch.6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds57
- Ch.7 Chemical Quantities and Reactions38
- Ch.8 Gases30
- Ch.9 Solutions50
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases and Equilibrium64
- Ch.11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons77
- Ch.12 Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones82
- Ch.13 Carbohydrates54
- Ch.14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides91
- Ch.15 Lipids61
- Ch.16 Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes84
- Ch.17 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis86
- Ch.18 Metabolic Pathways and ATP Production73
Timberlake14th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9781292472249Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 3, Problem 46b
Identify each of the following changes of state as melting, freezing, sublimation, or deposition:
a. Dry ice in an ice-cream cart disappears.
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the process of sublimation. Sublimation is the change of state where a substance transitions directly from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid phase.
Step 2: Recognize the properties of dry ice. Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide (CO₂), which sublimates at standard atmospheric pressure, meaning it transitions directly from a solid to a gas.
Step 3: Analyze the scenario. The problem states that dry ice 'disappears' in the ice-cream cart. This indicates that the solid dry ice is converting into a gas, as it does not leave behind any liquid residue.
Step 4: Match the observed change of state to the correct term. Since the solid is directly converting to a gas, this process is identified as sublimation.
Step 5: Conclude that the change of state described in the problem is sublimation, based on the properties of dry ice and the definition of sublimation.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Sublimation
Sublimation is the process where a solid transitions directly into a gas without passing through the liquid state. This occurs when the molecules in the solid gain enough energy to overcome intermolecular forces, allowing them to escape into the air as gas. A common example is dry ice (solid carbon dioxide), which sublimates at room temperature, making it ideal for creating fog effects.
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Phase Changes
Phase changes refer to the transformations between different states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. These changes occur due to variations in temperature and pressure, affecting the energy and arrangement of particles. Understanding these transitions is crucial for identifying processes like melting, freezing, sublimation, and deposition, which describe how substances change from one state to another.
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Dry Ice
Dry ice is the solid form of carbon dioxide (CO2) and is commonly used as a refrigerant. It sublimates at -78.5 degrees Celsius, meaning it changes directly from solid to gas without becoming liquid. This property makes dry ice useful in various applications, including food preservation and theatrical effects, as seen in the example of it disappearing in an ice-cream cart.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Identify each of the following changes of state as melting, freezing, sublimation, or deposition:
d. Frost (ice) forms on the walls of a freezer unit of a refrigerator.
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Textbook Question
For dinner, Charles had one cup of clam chowder, which contains 16 g of carbohydrate, 12 g of fat, and 9 g of protein. How much energy, in kilocalories and kilojoules, is in the clam chowder? (Round off the answer for each food type to the tens place.)
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Textbook Question
Using the values for the heat of fusion, specific heat of water, and/or heat of vaporization, calculate the amount of heat energy in each of the following:
c. kilojoules needed to melt 24.0 g of ice at 0 °C, warm the liquid to 100 °C, and change it to steam at 100 °C
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Textbook Question
A patient receives 3.2 L of intravenous (IV) glucose solution. If 100. mL of the solution contains 5.0 g of glucose (carbohydrate), how many kilocalories did the patient obtain from the glucose solution?
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Textbook Question
Identify each of the following changes of state as melting, freezing, sublimation, or deposition:
b. Snow on the ground turns to liquid water.
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