Textbook Question
Give the IUPAC name for each of the following alcohols and phenols:
c.
Ch.12 Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones
Timberlake13th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134421353
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Chemistry in Our Lives11
- Ch.2 Chemistry and Measurements80
- Ch.3 Matter and Energy54
- Ch.4 Atoms and Elements51
- Ch.5 Nuclear Chemistry42
- Ch.6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds57
- Ch.7 Chemical Quantities and Reactions41
- Ch.8 Gases29
- Ch.9 Solutions51
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases and Equilibrium65
- Ch.11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons78
- Ch.12 Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones83
- Ch.13 Carbohydrates54
- Ch.14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides90
- Ch.15 Lipids61
- Ch.16 Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes84
- Ch.17 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis83
- Ch.18 Metabolic Pathways and ATP Production67
Timberlake13th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134421353Not the one you use?Change textbook
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Timberlake 13th EditionCh.12 Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and KetonesProblem 41
Timberlake 13th EditionCh.12 Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and KetonesProblem 41Chapter 12, Problem 41
Which of the following will give a positive Tollens' test?
a. propanal
b. ethanol
c. ethyl methyl ether
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the Tollens' test: The Tollens' test is a chemical test used to identify aldehydes. It involves the use of Tollens' reagent, which contains silver ions (Ag⁺) in an ammonia solution. Aldehydes are oxidized to carboxylic acids, and the silver ions are reduced to metallic silver, forming a 'silver mirror' on the test tube.
Analyze the first compound, propanal: Propanal (CH₃CH₂CHO) is an aldehyde because it contains a carbonyl group (C=O) at the end of the carbon chain. Aldehydes give a positive Tollens' test, so propanal will give a positive result.
Analyze the second compound, ethanol: Ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH) is a primary alcohol, not an aldehyde. Alcohols do not react with Tollens' reagent, so ethanol will not give a positive Tollens' test.
Analyze the third compound, ethyl methyl ether: Ethyl methyl ether (CH₃OCH₂CH₃) is an ether, which contains an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl groups. Ethers do not have a carbonyl group and do not react with Tollens' reagent, so ethyl methyl ether will not give a positive Tollens' test.
Conclude the results: Among the given compounds, only propanal will give a positive Tollens' test because it is the only compound that contains an aldehyde functional group.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Tollens' Test
Tollens' test is a qualitative test used to identify aldehydes and certain ketones. It involves the reaction of the carbonyl compound with Tollens' reagent, which contains silver ions. A positive result is indicated by the formation of a silver mirror on the test tube's surface, signifying the reduction of silver ions to metallic silver.
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Tollens' Test Concept 2
Aldehydes vs. Ketones
Aldehydes are organic compounds characterized by the presence of a carbonyl group (C=O) at the end of the carbon chain, while ketones have the carbonyl group located within the chain. This structural difference is crucial because only aldehydes typically give a positive Tollens' test, as they can be oxidized to carboxylic acids, whereas most ketones do not react in this manner.
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Functional Groups
Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In the context of the question, the presence of the aldehyde functional group (-CHO) in propanal is what allows it to react positively in the Tollens' test, while ethanol (an alcohol) and ethyl methyl ether (an ether) do not contain this reactive group.
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Related Practice
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Avobenzone is a common ingredient in sunscreen. Its structural formula is shown.
b. What is the molecular formula and molar mass of avobenzone?
Textbook Question
A compound called resveratrol is an antioxidant, found in the skin of grapes. Identify the functional groups in resveratrol.
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Textbook Question
Which of the following will give a positive Tollens' test?
a. 1-propanol
b. 2-propanol
c. hexanal
Textbook Question
Give the IUPAC name for each of the following alcohols and phenols:
a.
Textbook Question
A compound called cinnamaldehyde is found in cinnamon. Identify the functional groups in cinnamaldehyde.
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