Textbook Question
What supplies the energy to drive oxidative phosphorylation?
Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Matter and Measurements27
- Ch.2 Atoms and the Periodic Table20
- Ch.3 Ionic Compounds8
- Ch.4 Molecular Compounds23
- Ch.5 Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions12
- Ch.6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships28
- Ch.7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rate and Equilibrium64
- Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids24
- Ch.9 Solutions52
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases25
- Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry22
- Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes57
- Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds47
- Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen50
- Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch.16 Amines42
- Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives57
- Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins82
- Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins63
- Ch.20 Carbohydrates44
- Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy65
- Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism45
- Ch.23 Lipids42
- Ch.24 Lipid Metabolism33
- Ch.25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism24
- Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis45
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 21, Problem 79
With what class of enzymes are the coenzymes NAD+ and FAD associated?
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Understand that NAD⁺ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) and FAD (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide) are coenzymes that play a critical role in redox reactions, which involve the transfer of electrons.
Recall that enzymes are classified based on the type of reaction they catalyze. The class of enzymes that catalyze oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions is called oxidoreductases.
Recognize that NAD⁺ and FAD function as electron carriers in these reactions. They accept electrons during oxidation reactions and donate them during reduction reactions.
Note that oxidoreductases include specific enzymes such as dehydrogenases and oxidases, which often use NAD⁺ and FAD as coenzymes to facilitate the transfer of electrons.
Conclude that NAD⁺ and FAD are associated with the oxidoreductase class of enzymes, as they are integral to the redox processes catalyzed by these enzymes.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Oxidoreductases
Oxidoreductases are a class of enzymes that catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions, where the transfer of electrons occurs between molecules. These enzymes play a crucial role in metabolic pathways, facilitating the conversion of substrates by either adding or removing electrons. NAD+ and FAD serve as essential coenzymes in these reactions, acting as electron carriers that help in the oxidation of substrates.
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Oxidoreductases Example 3
Coenzymes
Coenzymes are organic non-protein molecules that assist enzymes in catalyzing reactions. They often act as carriers for chemical groups or electrons during enzymatic reactions. NAD+ (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FAD (Flavin adenine dinucleotide) are two vital coenzymes that participate in redox reactions, enabling the transfer of electrons and protons, which is essential for cellular respiration and energy production.
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Redox Reactions
Redox reactions, short for reduction-oxidation reactions, involve the transfer of electrons between two species. In these reactions, one molecule is oxidized (loses electrons) while another is reduced (gains electrons). The coenzymes NAD+ and FAD are integral to these processes, as they accept electrons during oxidation and release them during reduction, thus facilitating energy transfer within biological systems.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
We talk of burning food in a combustion process, producing CO2 and H2O from food and O2. Explain how O2 is involved in the process although no O2 is directly involved in the citric acid cycle.
Textbook Question
Why must the breakdown of molecules for energy in the body occur in several steps, rather than in one step?
Textbook Question
The mitochondrion pumps H+ from the matrix into the intermembrane space. Which region is more acidic, the matrix or the intermembrane space? Why?
Textbook Question
If you use a flame to burn a pile of glucose completely to give carbon dioxide and water, the overall reaction is identical to the metabolic oxidation of glucose. Explain the differences in the fate of the energy released in each case.
Textbook Question
Oxidative phosphorylation has three reaction products.
a. What is the energy-carrying product?