Textbook Question
What energy requirements must be met in order for a reaction to be favorable?
Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Matter and Measurements27
- Ch.2 Atoms and the Periodic Table20
- Ch.3 Ionic Compounds8
- Ch.4 Molecular Compounds23
- Ch.5 Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions12
- Ch.6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships28
- Ch.7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rate and Equilibrium64
- Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids24
- Ch.9 Solutions52
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases25
- Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry22
- Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes57
- Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds47
- Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen50
- Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch.16 Amines42
- Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives57
- Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins82
- Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins63
- Ch.20 Carbohydrates44
- Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy65
- Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism45
- Ch.23 Lipids42
- Ch.24 Lipid Metabolism33
- Ch.25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism24
- Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis45
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 21, Problem 24d
The reaction that follows is catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase and occurs in two steps, the first of which (step A) is formation of an unstable intermediates (shown in brackets).
d. To what class of enzymes does isocitrate dehydrogenase, the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction, belong?
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the role of isocitrate dehydrogenase in the reaction. This enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of isocitrate to form an intermediate, which is then further processed in the reaction. Enzymes are classified based on the type of reaction they catalyze.
Step 2: Recall the six major classes of enzymes: oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases. Each class corresponds to a specific type of chemical reaction.
Step 3: Analyze the reaction catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase. This reaction involves the removal of hydrogen atoms (oxidation) from isocitrate, which is coupled with the reduction of NAD+ (or NADP+) to NADH (or NADPH).
Step 4: Based on the reaction type, identify the enzyme class. Enzymes that catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions, where electrons are transferred, belong to the oxidoreductase class.
Step 5: Conclude that isocitrate dehydrogenase is classified as an oxidoreductase because it facilitates the oxidation of isocitrate and the reduction of NAD+ (or NADP+).
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Enzyme Classification
Enzymes are classified into six main categories based on the type of reaction they catalyze: oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases. Isocitrate dehydrogenase falls under the category of oxidoreductases, which facilitate oxidation-reduction reactions by transferring electrons between molecules.
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Six Main Classifications Concept 3
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Function
Isocitrate dehydrogenase is an important enzyme in the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), where it catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate. This reaction involves the decarboxylation of isocitrate and the reduction of NAD+ to NADH, playing a crucial role in cellular respiration and energy production.
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Enzyme Catalysis Mechanism
Enzyme catalysis involves the lowering of activation energy for a reaction, allowing it to proceed more quickly. In the case of isocitrate dehydrogenase, the enzyme stabilizes the transition state and facilitates the formation of unstable intermediates, which are critical for the reaction's progression and efficiency.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
The reaction that follows is catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase and occurs in two steps, the first of which (step A) is formation of an unstable intermediates (shown in brackets).
a. In which step is a coenzyme needed? Identify the coenzyme.
Textbook Question
Why is ∆G a useful quantity for predicting the favorability of biochemical reactions?
Textbook Question
The reaction that follows is catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase and occurs in two steps, the first of which (step A) is formation of an unstable intermediates (shown in brackets).
b. In which step is CO2 evolved and a hydrogen ion added?
Textbook Question
The electron-transport chain uses several different metal ions, especially iron, copper, zinc, and manganese. Why are metals used frequently in these two pathways? What can metals do better than organic biomolecules?
Textbook Question
The reaction that follows is catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase and occurs in two steps, the first of which (step A) is formation of an unstable intermediates (shown in brackets).
c. Which of the structures shown can be described as a β-keto acid?