Textbook Question
Explain how the following mechanisms regulate enzyme activity.
b. Genetic control
Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Matter and Measurements27
- Ch.2 Atoms and the Periodic Table20
- Ch.3 Ionic Compounds8
- Ch.4 Molecular Compounds23
- Ch.5 Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions12
- Ch.6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships28
- Ch.7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rate and Equilibrium64
- Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids24
- Ch.9 Solutions52
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases25
- Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry22
- Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes57
- Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds47
- Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen50
- Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch.16 Amines42
- Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives57
- Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins82
- Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins63
- Ch.20 Carbohydrates44
- Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy65
- Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism45
- Ch.23 Lipids42
- Ch.24 Lipid Metabolism33
- Ch.25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism24
- Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis45
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 19, Problem 30a
What type of enzyme regulation occurs in the following situations?
a. Buildup of the product of the pathway that converts glucose to pyruvate stops at the first enzyme in the multistep process.
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the context of the problem. The question is asking about enzyme regulation, specifically in a metabolic pathway where glucose is converted to pyruvate. This is a multistep process involving several enzymes.
Step 2: Recall the concept of feedback inhibition. Feedback inhibition is a type of enzyme regulation where the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an enzyme that acts earlier in the pathway. This prevents the overproduction of the product.
Step 3: Identify the specific situation described. The problem states that the buildup of the product stops the first enzyme in the pathway. This is a classic example of feedback inhibition, where the product acts as an allosteric inhibitor.
Step 4: Explain how feedback inhibition works. In this type of regulation, the product binds to a regulatory site (not the active site) on the enzyme, causing a conformational change that reduces the enzyme's activity. This ensures that the pathway is regulated based on the cell's needs.
Step 5: Conclude that the type of enzyme regulation described in this situation is feedback inhibition, which is a common mechanism for controlling metabolic pathways.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Feedback Inhibition
Feedback inhibition is a regulatory mechanism in metabolic pathways where the accumulation of an end product inhibits an earlier step in the pathway. In this case, when the product of the glucose to pyruvate conversion builds up, it signals the first enzyme to slow down or stop its activity, preventing overproduction and maintaining homeostasis.
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Enzyme Inhibition Concept 1
Enzyme Kinetics
Enzyme kinetics studies the rates of enzyme-catalyzed reactions and how they change in response to various factors, including substrate concentration and product levels. Understanding enzyme kinetics is crucial for analyzing how feedback inhibition affects the overall rate of a metabolic pathway, particularly in multistep processes.
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Allosteric Regulation
Allosteric regulation involves the binding of regulatory molecules to an enzyme at sites other than the active site, leading to conformational changes that affect enzyme activity. In the context of feedback inhibition, the end product may act as an allosteric inhibitor, altering the enzyme's shape and reducing its activity, thereby controlling the flow of metabolites through the pathway.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Which of the following is a cofactor and which is a coenzyme?
a. Cu2+
Textbook Question
Explain how the following changes affect the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction in the presence of an uncompetitive inhibitor:
(b) decreasing the inhibitor concentration at a constant substrate concentration.
Textbook Question
What type of enzyme regulation occurs in the following situations?
d. Conversion of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate is inhibited by high levels of ATP. (Hint: ATP is neither a product nor a substrate in this reaction.)
Textbook Question
Explain how the following changes affect the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction in the presence of an uncompetitive inhibitor:
(a) increasing the substrate concentration at a constant inhibitor concentration
Textbook Question
Name the vitamin to which each of these coenzymes is related.
b. Coenzyme A