Textbook Question
Threonine has two chiral centers. Draw L-threonine and indicate which carbon atoms are chiral. Which carbon atom is responsible for D and L configuration?
Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Matter and Measurements27
- Ch.2 Atoms and the Periodic Table20
- Ch.3 Ionic Compounds8
- Ch.4 Molecular Compounds23
- Ch.5 Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions12
- Ch.6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships28
- Ch.7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rate and Equilibrium64
- Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids24
- Ch.9 Solutions52
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases25
- Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry22
- Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes57
- Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds47
- Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen50
- Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch.16 Amines42
- Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives57
- Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins82
- Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins63
- Ch.20 Carbohydrates44
- Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy65
- Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism45
- Ch.23 Lipids42
- Ch.24 Lipid Metabolism33
- Ch.25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism24
- Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis45
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 18, Problem 41a
What kind of biological function would each of the following proteins perform?
a. Human growth hormone
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Understand the role of human growth hormone (HGH): Human growth hormone is a protein-based hormone that is secreted by the pituitary gland. It plays a critical role in growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans.
Identify the biological function: HGH stimulates growth in tissues, including bone and muscle, by promoting the production of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the liver and other tissues.
Explain its role in metabolism: HGH also helps regulate metabolism by influencing the breakdown of fats (lipolysis) and the utilization of glucose, ensuring energy is available for growth and repair processes.
Discuss its importance in development: During childhood and adolescence, HGH is essential for normal physical development, including increasing height and muscle mass.
Highlight its role in repair and maintenance: In adults, HGH contributes to tissue repair, muscle maintenance, and overall metabolic health, making it vital throughout life.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Human Growth Hormone (HGH)
Human Growth Hormone (HGH) is a peptide hormone produced by the pituitary gland that plays a crucial role in growth, metabolism, and body composition. It stimulates growth in tissues, including bones and muscles, and regulates various metabolic processes, such as fat breakdown and protein synthesis. HGH is essential for normal physical development during childhood and adolescence.
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Endocrine System
The endocrine system is a network of glands that produce and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate various bodily functions. This system controls processes such as growth, metabolism, and mood through hormones like HGH. Understanding the endocrine system is vital for comprehending how hormones interact and influence physiological functions.
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Hormonal Regulation
Hormonal regulation refers to the mechanisms by which hormones control and coordinate physiological processes in the body. This includes feedback loops that maintain homeostasis, such as the regulation of growth and metabolism by HGH. Hormonal regulation is essential for understanding how proteins like HGH exert their biological effects and maintain balance within the body.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Cell membranes are studded with proteins. Some of these proteins, involved in the transport of molecules across the membrane into the cell, span the entire membrane and are called transmembrane proteins. The interior of the cell membrane is hydrophobic and nonpolar, whereas both the extracellular and intracellular fluids are water-based.
a. List three amino acids you would expect to find in the part of a transmembrane protein that lies within the cell membrane.
Textbook Question
What amino acids do the following abbreviations stand for? Draw the structure of each.
a. Val
Textbook Question
What kind of biological function would each of the following proteins perform?
c. Protease
Textbook Question
Name and draw the structures of the amino acids that fit the following descriptions:
a. Contains a thiol group
Textbook Question
Name four biological functions of proteins in the human body, and give an example of a protein for each function.