Textbook Question
Give systematic, IUPAC names for the following compounds. Redraw each in line structure format.
a.
b.
c.
d. Dipropyl ketone
Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Matter and Measurements27
- Ch.2 Atoms and the Periodic Table20
- Ch.3 Ionic Compounds8
- Ch.4 Molecular Compounds23
- Ch.5 Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions12
- Ch.6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships28
- Ch.7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rate and Equilibrium64
- Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids24
- Ch.9 Solutions52
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases25
- Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry22
- Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes57
- Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds47
- Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen50
- Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch.16 Amines42
- Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives57
- Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins82
- Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins63
- Ch.20 Carbohydrates44
- Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy65
- Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism45
- Ch.23 Lipids42
- Ch.24 Lipid Metabolism33
- Ch.25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism24
- Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis45
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 15, Problem 3
Draw structures corresponding to the following names:
a. Octanal
b. Methyl phenyl ketone
c. 4-Methylhexanal
d. Methyl tert-butyl ketone
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the problem. The task is to draw the structures of the given organic compounds based on their names. Each name provides information about the functional groups and the arrangement of carbon atoms in the molecule.
Step 2: For 'Octanal': Identify the root name 'oct-' which indicates an 8-carbon chain. The suffix '-al' indicates the presence of an aldehyde group (-CHO) at the end of the chain. Draw a straight chain of 8 carbons with a terminal aldehyde group.
Step 3: For 'Methyl phenyl ketone': The name indicates a ketone group (C=O) with a methyl group (CH₃) on one side and a phenyl group (C₆H₅) on the other. Draw a structure with a central carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a methyl group and a phenyl group.
Step 4: For '4-Methylhexanal': The root name 'hex-' indicates a 6-carbon chain. The suffix '-al' indicates an aldehyde group (-CHO) at the end of the chain. The prefix '4-methyl' indicates a methyl group attached to the 4th carbon of the chain. Draw a 6-carbon chain with a terminal aldehyde group and a methyl group on the 4th carbon.
Step 5: For 'Methyl tert-butyl ketone': The name indicates a ketone group (C=O) with a methyl group (CH₃) on one side and a tert-butyl group (C(CH₃)₃) on the other. Draw a structure with a central carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a methyl group and a tert-butyl group.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Functional Groups
Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In organic chemistry, recognizing functional groups such as aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols is crucial for understanding the properties and reactivity of compounds. For example, octanal contains an aldehyde functional group, while methyl phenyl ketone contains a ketone functional group.
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IUPAC Nomenclature
IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds. It provides a standardized way to convey the structure of a compound through its name, which includes information about the length of the carbon chain, the presence of functional groups, and their positions. Understanding IUPAC rules is essential for accurately interpreting and drawing the structures of compounds like 4-methylhexanal and methyl tert-butyl ketone.
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Structural Representation
Structural representation refers to the way in which the molecular structure of a compound is depicted, showing the arrangement of atoms and the bonds between them. This can be done through various methods, including Lewis structures, condensed formulas, or skeletal formulas. Being able to translate names like octanal and methyl phenyl ketone into their corresponding structural representations is key to visualizing and understanding their chemical behavior.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Which of the following molecules contain aldehyde or ketone functional groups? You may want to refer to Table 15.1, Table 12.1, and Figure 15.3 to help in your identification. Copy the formulas and circle these functional groups.
a.
b.
c.
d. C4H9COCH3
e. C4H9CHO
Textbook Question
Why do aldehydes and ketones have lower boiling points than alcohols with similar molecular weights? Why are their boiling points higher than those of alkanes with similar molecular weights?
Textbook Question
For each compound shown next (a–d), indicate whether the compound is polar or nonpolar, and whether it is soluble or insoluble in water.
a.
b.
c. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
d.