Textbook Question
Draw both condensed and line structures corresponding to the following IUPAC names and label each carbon as primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary.
c. 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Matter and Measurements27
- Ch.2 Atoms and the Periodic Table20
- Ch.3 Ionic Compounds8
- Ch.4 Molecular Compounds23
- Ch.5 Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions12
- Ch.6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships28
- Ch.7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rate and Equilibrium64
- Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids24
- Ch.9 Solutions52
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases25
- Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry22
- Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes57
- Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds47
- Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen50
- Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch.16 Amines42
- Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives57
- Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins82
- Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins63
- Ch.20 Carbohydrates44
- Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy65
- Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism45
- Ch.23 Lipids42
- Ch.24 Lipid Metabolism33
- Ch.25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism24
- Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis45
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 12, Problem 14a
Draw and name alkanes that meet the following descriptions:
a. A 5-carbon alkane with a tertiary carbon atom
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the problem. You are tasked with drawing and naming a 5-carbon alkane that contains a tertiary carbon atom. A tertiary carbon atom is a carbon atom bonded to three other carbon atoms.
Step 2: Start by constructing the main chain of the alkane. Since the molecule has 5 carbons, the parent chain will be pentane (C₅H₁₂).
Step 3: To include a tertiary carbon atom, one of the carbons in the chain must be bonded to three other carbons. This requires branching. Choose one of the middle carbons in the chain (e.g., carbon 2 or carbon 3) to serve as the tertiary carbon.
Step 4: Add a methyl group (-CH₃) as a branch to the chosen middle carbon. This creates a structure where the middle carbon is bonded to three other carbons (two from the main chain and one from the branch).
Step 5: Name the compound according to IUPAC nomenclature. Identify the longest continuous chain of carbons (still 5 carbons, so the parent name is pentane), number the chain to give the branch the lowest possible number, and name the branch as a substituent (e.g., 2-methylpentane or 3-methylpentane, depending on the position of the branch).
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Alkanes
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons consisting only of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms, connected by single bonds. They follow the general formula CnH2n+2, where 'n' is the number of carbon atoms. Alkanes are characterized by their relatively low reactivity and are commonly found in natural gas and petroleum.
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Naming Alkanes Example 1
Tertiary Carbon
A tertiary carbon atom is a carbon atom that is bonded to three other carbon atoms. This structure is significant in organic chemistry as it influences the stability and reactivity of the molecule. In alkanes, the presence of a tertiary carbon can affect the compound's physical properties and its behavior in chemical reactions.
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Structural Isomers
Structural isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement of atoms. In the case of alkanes, different structural isomers can arise from variations in the branching of the carbon chain. Understanding structural isomers is crucial for identifying and naming alkanes, especially when specific structural features, like tertiary carbons, are required.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Are the pairs of compounds shown below the same molecule, isomers, or different molecules?
a.
1
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Textbook Question
What is wrong with the following names? It will be helpful to draw the structures as named before making your decision.
c. 1-Ethyl-2-methyl-3-ethylcyclopentane
Textbook Question
Write the structures of all singly chlorinated products that form when 2,4-dimethylpentane is reacted with Cl2.
Textbook Question
What are the IUPAC names of the following cycloalkanes? Remember to assign priority to the attached groups alphabetically.
b.
Textbook Question
What are the IUPAC names of the following alkanes?
a.