Textbook Question
List four common units for measuring pressure.
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Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Matter and Measurements27
- Ch.2 Atoms and the Periodic Table20
- Ch.3 Ionic Compounds8
- Ch.4 Molecular Compounds23
- Ch.5 Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions12
- Ch.6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships28
- Ch.7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rate and Equilibrium64
- Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids24
- Ch.9 Solutions52
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases25
- Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry22
- Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes57
- Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds47
- Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen50
- Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch.16 Amines42
- Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives57
- Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins82
- Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins63
- Ch.20 Carbohydrates44
- Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy65
- Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism45
- Ch.23 Lipids42
- Ch.24 Lipid Metabolism33
- Ch.25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism24
- Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis45
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 8, Problem 53
Which assumptions of the kinetic–molecular theory explain the behavior of gases described by Charles's law? Explain your answer.
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Charles's law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature (in Kelvin) when pressure and the amount of gas are held constant. This can be expressed mathematically as: .
The kinetic–molecular theory (KMT) provides a framework to understand the behavior of gases. One key assumption of KMT is that the average kinetic energy of gas particles is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas. As temperature increases, the particles move faster.
When gas particles move faster due to an increase in temperature, they collide with the walls of the container more frequently and with greater force. To maintain constant pressure, the volume of the gas must increase to allow the particles more space to move and reduce the frequency of collisions per unit area.
Another assumption of KMT is that gas particles are in constant, random motion and that the volume of the particles themselves is negligible compared to the volume of the container. This allows the gas to expand freely when temperature increases, consistent with Charles's law.
In summary, the assumptions of the kinetic–molecular theory that explain Charles's law are: (1) the direct proportionality of kinetic energy to temperature, and (2) the negligible volume of gas particles, which allows the gas to expand as temperature increases to maintain constant pressure.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Kinetic-Molecular Theory
The kinetic-molecular theory posits that gas consists of a large number of small particles in constant, random motion. This theory explains the properties of gases, including pressure, temperature, and volume, by relating them to the motion and energy of the gas particles. It assumes that gas particles are far apart, have negligible volume, and experience elastic collisions, which are crucial for understanding gas behavior.
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Charles's Law
Charles's Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature when pressure is held constant. This relationship implies that as the temperature of a gas increases, its particles move more vigorously, leading to an increase in volume. Understanding this law is essential for analyzing how temperature changes affect gas behavior under constant pressure conditions.
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Assumptions of Ideal Gases
The assumptions of ideal gases include that gas particles do not attract or repel each other and that they occupy no volume. These assumptions simplify the behavior of gases and allow for the derivation of gas laws, including Charles's Law. While real gases may deviate from these assumptions under high pressure or low temperature, they provide a foundational understanding of gas behavior in ideal conditions.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
A gas has a volume of 2.84 L at 1.00 atm and 0 °C. At what temperature does it have a volume of 7.50 L at 520 mmHg?
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Textbook Question
Which assumptions of the kinetic–molecular theory explain the behavior of gases described by Gay-Lussac's law? Explain your answer.
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Textbook Question
Which assumptions of the kinetic–molecular theory explain the behavior of gases described by Boyle's law? Explain your answer.
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Textbook Question
Assume that you have a sample of gas at 350 K in a sealed container, as represented in part (a). Which of the drawings (b)–(d) represents the gas after the temperature is lowered from 350 K to 150 K and if the gas has a boiling point of 200 K? Which drawing represents the gas at 150 K if the gas has a boiling point of 100 K?
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Textbook Question
Explain Avogadro's law using the kinetic–molecular theory of gases.
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