Textbook Question
The sulfite ion (SO32–) and sulfur trioxide (SO3) have the same chemical formulas but different molecular geometries. Draw the Lewis dot structures and identify the molecular geometry of each.
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Ch.4 Molecular Compounds
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Matter and Measurements27
- Ch.2 Atoms and the Periodic Table20
- Ch.3 Ionic Compounds8
- Ch.4 Molecular Compounds23
- Ch.5 Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions12
- Ch.6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships28
- Ch.7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rate and Equilibrium64
- Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids24
- Ch.9 Solutions52
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases25
- Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry22
- Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes57
- Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds47
- Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen50
- Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch.16 Amines42
- Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives57
- Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins82
- Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins63
- Ch.20 Carbohydrates44
- Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy65
- Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism45
- Ch.23 Lipids42
- Ch.24 Lipid Metabolism33
- Ch.25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism24
- Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis45
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 4, Problem 90d
The phosphonium ion, PH4+ is formed by reaction of phosphine, PH3, with an acid.
d. Explain why the ion has a +1 charge.
Verified step by step guidance1
Start by identifying the reactants: phosphine (PH₃) and an acid. Phosphine is a neutral molecule, and acids typically donate protons (H⁺ ions) in chemical reactions.
Understand the process of proton donation: When the acid donates a proton (H⁺), it is accepted by the phosphine molecule. This results in the formation of the phosphonium ion (PH⁺₄).
Examine the electron count: Phosphine (PH₃) has a lone pair of electrons on the phosphorus atom. When it accepts the proton (H⁺), the lone pair is used to form a bond with the proton, creating PH⁺₄.
Analyze the charge distribution: The proton (H⁺) carries a positive charge. Since phosphine is neutral, the addition of a positively charged proton results in the overall charge of the phosphonium ion being +1.
Conclude the explanation: The +1 charge on the phosphonium ion arises because the neutral phosphine molecule gains a positively charged proton during the reaction, without losing any electrons to counterbalance the added positive charge.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Phosphonium Ion
A phosphonium ion, such as PH⁺₄, is a positively charged species formed when phosphine (PH₃) reacts with a proton (H⁺). In this reaction, the phosphine molecule donates a lone pair of electrons to the proton, resulting in the formation of the ion. This process is similar to the formation of ammonium ions from ammonia.
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Polyatomic Ions
Charge of Ions
The charge of an ion is determined by the difference between the number of protons and electrons. In the case of PH⁺₄, the ion has one more proton than the number of electrons, leading to a net positive charge of +1. This charge indicates that the ion is electron-deficient, which is a characteristic of cations.
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Acid-Base Reaction
An acid-base reaction involves the transfer of protons (H⁺ ions) from an acid to a base. In this context, phosphine acts as a base that accepts a proton from an acid, resulting in the formation of the phosphonium ion. Understanding this reaction is crucial for grasping how the charge of the resulting ion is established.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Which of the following compounds contain ionic bonds? Which contain covalent bonds? Which contain coordinate covalent bonds? (A compound may contain more than one type of bond.)
a. BaCl2
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Textbook Question
Which of the following elements would you expect to form (iv) both covalent and ionic bonds? (More than one answer may apply; remember that some nonmetals can form ionic bonds with metals.) Explain your answers.
a. Oxygen
b. Potassium
c. Phosphorus
d. Iodine
e. Hydrogen
f. Cesium
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Textbook Question
The phosphonium ion, PH4+ is formed by reaction of phosphine, PH3, with an acid.
b. Predict its molecular geometry.
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Textbook Question
The following formulas are unlikely to be correct. What is wrong with each?
d. C2OS
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