Textbook Question
What is the specific gravity of the following solution?
<IMAGE>
2
views
Ch.1 Matter and Measurements
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187
Not the one you use?Change textbookSelect a different textbook
Table of contents
- Ch.1 Matter and Measurements27
- Ch.2 Atoms and the Periodic Table20
- Ch.3 Ionic Compounds8
- Ch.4 Molecular Compounds23
- Ch.5 Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions12
- Ch.6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships28
- Ch.7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rate and Equilibrium64
- Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids24
- Ch.9 Solutions52
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases25
- Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry22
- Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes57
- Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds47
- Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen50
- Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch.16 Amines42
- Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives57
- Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins82
- Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins63
- Ch.20 Carbohydrates44
- Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy65
- Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism45
- Ch.23 Lipids42
- Ch.24 Lipid Metabolism33
- Ch.25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism24
- Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis45
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 1, Problem 33
Assume that identical hydrometers are placed in ethanol (sp gr 0.7893) and in chloroform (sp gr 1.4832). In which liquid will the hydrometer float higher? Explain.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of specific gravity (sp gr): Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water (at 4°C, which is approximately 1 g/mL). A higher specific gravity indicates a denser liquid.
Recall the principle of buoyancy: An object floats when the upward buoyant force exerted by the liquid equals the downward gravitational force on the object. The buoyant force depends on the density of the liquid and the volume of liquid displaced by the object.
Compare the specific gravities of ethanol (0.7893) and chloroform (1.4832): Chloroform has a higher specific gravity, meaning it is denser than ethanol.
Relate density to the floating height of the hydrometer: In a denser liquid (higher specific gravity), the hydrometer will displace less liquid to balance its weight, causing it to float higher. Conversely, in a less dense liquid (lower specific gravity), the hydrometer will sink deeper to displace more liquid to balance its weight.
Conclude: Since chloroform has a higher specific gravity than ethanol, the hydrometer will float higher in chloroform than in ethanol.
Verified video answer for a similar problem:
This video solution was recommended by our tutors as helpful for the problem above.
Video duration:
1mWas this helpful?
Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Specific Gravity
Specific gravity (sp gr) is a dimensionless quantity that compares the density of a substance to the density of water at a specified temperature. It indicates whether a substance will float or sink in water. A specific gravity less than 1 means the substance is less dense than water and will float, while a specific gravity greater than 1 indicates it is denser and will sink.
Recommended video:
Guided course
01:37
Specific Gravity
Buoyancy
Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an object immersed in it. According to Archimedes' principle, an object will float if the buoyant force is equal to or greater than its weight. The degree to which an object floats in a fluid depends on the fluid's density relative to the object's density.
Hydrometer Functionality
A hydrometer is an instrument used to measure the specific gravity of liquids. It floats in the liquid, and the level to which it sinks indicates the liquid's density. In less dense liquids, the hydrometer will float higher, while in denser liquids, it will sink lower, allowing for the comparison of different liquids based on their specific gravities.
Recommended video:
Guided course
02:16Logarithmic Functions
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Assume that you are delivering a solution sample from a pipette. Figures (a) and (b) show the volume level before and after dispensing the sample, respectively. State the liquid level (in mL) before and after dispensing the sample, and calculate the volume of the sample.
<IMAGE>
3
views
Textbook Question
Name two changes of state and describe what causes each to occur.
1
views
Textbook Question
Assuming that Coca-Cola has the same specific heat as water, how much energy in calories is removed when 350 g of Coca-Cola (about the contents of one 12 oz can) is cooled from room temperature (25 °C) to refrigerator temperature (3 °C)?
1
views
Textbook Question
What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?
1
views
Textbook Question
Name and describe the three states of matter.
1
views