Textbook Question
Explain why diabetics produce high levels of ketone bodies.
Ch.12 Food as Fuel An Overview of Metabolism
Frost4th EditionGeneral, Organic and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134988696
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Table of contents
- Ch.4 Introduction to Organic Compounds75
- Ch.5 Chemical Reactions19
- Ch.6 Carbohydrates Life's Sweet Molecules62
- Ch.7 States of Matter and Their Attractive Forces8
- Ch.8 Solution Chemistry Sugar and Water Do Mix4
- Ch.10 Proteins Workers of the Cell89
- Ch.11 Nucleic Acids Big Molecules with a Big Role69
- Ch.12 Food as Fuel An Overview of Metabolism65
Frost4th EditionGeneral, Organic and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134988696Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 8, Problem 52c
List the energy yield in ATP molecules for each of the following:
c. Glucose → 2 lactate
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the process: The conversion of glucose to 2 lactate occurs during anaerobic glycolysis. This process does not involve oxygen and takes place in the cytoplasm of cells.
Recall the ATP yield in glycolysis: During glycolysis, one molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, producing 2 ATP molecules and 2 NADH molecules.
Account for the anaerobic conditions: In anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted to lactate. This step regenerates NAD⁺ from NADH, which is necessary to keep glycolysis running. However, no additional ATP is produced during this conversion.
Summarize the net ATP yield: Since no ATP is consumed or produced during the conversion of pyruvate to lactate, the net ATP yield for the entire process (glucose → 2 lactate) remains the 2 ATP molecules generated during glycolysis.
Conclude: The energy yield for the conversion of glucose to 2 lactate is 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Glycolysis
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing a net gain of 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule. This process occurs in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen, making it an anaerobic pathway. It is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
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Glycolysis Concept 5
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation is an anaerobic process that occurs when oxygen is scarce, converting pyruvate into lactate. This process regenerates NAD+, allowing glycolysis to continue and produce ATP. In the case of glucose converting to 2 lactate, the net ATP yield remains 2 ATP from glycolysis.
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ATP Yield
ATP yield refers to the amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produced during metabolic processes. In the conversion of glucose to lactate, the total ATP yield is 2 ATP molecules, as no additional ATP is generated during the fermentation process. Understanding ATP yield is crucial for evaluating the efficiency of different metabolic pathways.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
List the energy yield in ATP molecules for each of the following:
a. FADH2 → FAD
Textbook Question
List the energy yield in ATP molecules for each of the following:
c. 2 Pyruvate → 2 acetyl CoA + 2 CO2
Textbook Question
Name the metabolic substrate(s) that can be produced from the carbon atoms of each of the following amino acids:
a. alanine
Textbook Question
List the energy yield in ATP molecules for each of the following:
a. NADH → NAD+
Textbook Question
Capric acid is a saturated fatty acid, [10:0].
a. Draw fatty acyl capric acid activated for β oxidation.