Textbook Question
Propyl acetate is the ester that gives the odor and smell of pears.
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d. Write the balanced chemical equation for the base hydrolysis of propyl acetate with NaOH.
Ch.14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides
Timberlake13th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134421353
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Chemistry in Our Lives11
- Ch.2 Chemistry and Measurements80
- Ch.3 Matter and Energy54
- Ch.4 Atoms and Elements51
- Ch.5 Nuclear Chemistry42
- Ch.6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds57
- Ch.7 Chemical Quantities and Reactions41
- Ch.8 Gases29
- Ch.9 Solutions51
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases and Equilibrium65
- Ch.11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons78
- Ch.12 Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones83
- Ch.13 Carbohydrates54
- Ch.14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides90
- Ch.15 Lipids61
- Ch.16 Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes84
- Ch.17 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis83
- Ch.18 Metabolic Pathways and ATP Production67
Timberlake13th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134421353Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 14, Problem 79e
Propyl acetate is the ester that gives the odor and smell of pears.
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e. How many milliliters of a 0.208 M NaOH solution is needed to completely hydrolyze (saponify) 1.58 g of propyl acetate?
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Write the balanced chemical equation for the hydrolysis (saponification) of propyl acetate. The reaction involves propyl acetate (C5H10O2) reacting with NaOH to produce propanol (C3H8O) and sodium acetate (C2H3O2Na).
Step 2: Calculate the molar mass of propyl acetate (C5H10O2). Add the atomic masses of all the atoms in the molecular formula: (5 × C) + (10 × H) + (2 × O).
Step 3: Convert the given mass of propyl acetate (1.58 g) into moles using the formula: \( \text{moles} = \frac{\text{mass}}{\text{molar mass}} \).
Step 4: Use the stoichiometry of the reaction. From the balanced equation, note that 1 mole of propyl acetate reacts with 1 mole of NaOH. Therefore, the moles of NaOH required will be equal to the moles of propyl acetate calculated in Step 3.
Step 5: Calculate the volume of the 0.208 M NaOH solution needed using the formula: \( \text{Volume (L)} = \frac{\text{moles of NaOH}}{\text{molarity}} \). Convert the volume from liters to milliliters by multiplying by 1000.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Hydrolysis and Saponification
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction involving the breaking of a bond in a molecule using water. In the context of esters like propyl acetate, saponification refers to the hydrolysis of the ester in the presence of a base, typically sodium hydroxide (NaOH), resulting in the formation of an alcohol and a carboxylate salt. This process is essential for understanding how esters can be converted into their corresponding acids and alcohols.
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Ester Reactions: Saponification Concept 1
Molarity and Solution Concentration
Molarity (M) is a measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. In this question, a 0.208 M NaOH solution indicates that there are 0.208 moles of NaOH in every liter of the solution. Understanding molarity is crucial for calculating the volume of NaOH needed to react with a given mass of propyl acetate during the hydrolysis process.
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Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry is the area of chemistry that deals with the relationships between the quantities of reactants and products in a chemical reaction. It allows us to calculate how much of one substance is needed to react with a given amount of another. In this case, stoichiometry will help determine the amount of NaOH required to completely hydrolyze the specified mass of propyl acetate, based on the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Propyl acetate is the ester that gives the odor and smell of pears.
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a. Draw the condensed structural formula for propyl acetate.
Textbook Question
Novocain, a local anesthetic, is the ammonium salt of procaine.
a. Draw the condensed structural formula for the ammonium salt (procaine hydrochloride) formed when procaine reacts with HCl. (Hint: The tertiary amine reacts with HCl.)
Textbook Question
Ethyl octanoate is a flavor component of mangoes.
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e. How many milliliters of a 0.315 M NaOH solution is needed to completely hydrolyze (saponify) 2.84 g of ethyl octanoate?
Textbook Question
Ethyl octanoate is a flavor component of mangoes.
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c. Write the balanced chemical equation for the acid hydrolysis of ethyl octanoate.
Textbook Question
Propyl acetate is the ester that gives the odor and smell of pears.
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b. Write the balanced chemical equation for the formation of propyl acetate.