Textbook Question
Describe the gene and protein defects in phenylketonuria (PKU). How are these defects connected to disease symptoms?
Ch. 9 - The Molecular Biology of Translation
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution64
- Ch. 2 - Transmission Genetics144
- Ch. 3 - Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity81
- Ch. 4 - Gene Interaction87
- Ch. 5 - Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes103
- Ch. 6 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages73
- Ch. 7 - DNA Structure and Replication71
- Ch. 8 - Molecular Biology of Transcription and RNA Processing79
- Ch. 9 - The Molecular Biology of Translation110
- Ch. 10 - Eukaryotic Chromosome Abnormalities and Molecular Organization100
- Ch. 11 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous Recombination86
- Ch. 12 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage90
- Ch. 13 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes38
- Ch. 14 - Analysis of Gene Function via Forward Genetics and Reverse Genetics72
- Ch. 15 - Recombinant DNA Technology and Its Applications69
- Ch. 16 - Genomics: Genetics from a Whole-Genome Perspective49
- Ch. 17 - Organelle Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes27
- Ch. 18 - Developmental Genetics43
- Ch. 19 - Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits66
- Ch. 20 - Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels105
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 9, Problem 5a
A portion of a DNA template strand has the base sequence
5′-...ACGCGATGCGTGATGTATAGAGCT...-3′
Identify the sequence and polarity of the mRNA transcribed from this fragmentary template-strand sequence.
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Understand that transcription involves synthesizing an mRNA strand complementary to the DNA template strand, with uracil (U) replacing thymine (T) in RNA.
Identify the polarity of the DNA template strand provided: 5′-ACGCGATGCGTGATGTATAGAGCT-3′. The mRNA will be synthesized in the 5′ to 3′ direction, complementary to the DNA template strand.
Write the complementary base pairing rules: Adenine (A) pairs with Uracil (U) in RNA, Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G), Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C), and Thymine (T) pairs with Adenine (A).
Apply the base pairing rules to the DNA template strand to determine the mRNA sequence. For example, the first base in the DNA template strand (A) will pair with U in the mRNA, the second base (C) will pair with G, and so on.
Ensure the polarity of the mRNA sequence is 5′ to 3′, as RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA in this direction. The resulting mRNA sequence will be complementary to the DNA template strand and match the coding strand (non-template strand) except for the substitution of U for T.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Transcription
Transcription is the process by which the genetic information encoded in DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA). During transcription, RNA polymerase binds to the DNA template strand and synthesizes a complementary RNA strand by pairing RNA nucleotides with the DNA bases, following the base-pairing rules (A-U and C-G). This process occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
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Polarity of Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA, have directionality, often referred to as polarity, which is indicated by the 5' and 3' ends. The 5' end has a phosphate group, while the 3' end has a hydroxyl group. During transcription, RNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction, meaning that the RNA strand grows by adding nucleotides to the 3' end, complementary to the 3' to 5' direction of the DNA template.
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Base Pairing Rules
Base pairing rules dictate how nucleotides pair with each other during the processes of DNA replication and transcription. In RNA, adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U) instead of thymine (T), which is found in DNA. Cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G) in both DNA and RNA. Understanding these rules is essential for determining the correct mRNA sequence transcribed from a given DNA template.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Several lines of experimental evidence pointed to a triplet genetic code. Identify three pieces of information that supported the triplet hypothesis of genetic code structure.
Textbook Question
Describe three features of tRNA molecules that lead to their correct charging by tRNA synthetase enzymes.
Textbook Question
Outline the events that occur during initiation of translation in E. coli.
Textbook Question
A portion of a DNA template strand has the base sequence
5′-...ACGCGATGCGTGATGTATAGAGCT...-3′
Assume the mRNA is written in the correct reading frame. Determine the amino acid sequence encoded by this fragment. Identify the N- and C-terminal directions of the polypeptide.
Textbook Question
A portion of a DNA template strand has the base sequence
5′-...ACGCGATGCGTGATGTATAGAGCT...-3′
Which is the third amino acid added to the polypeptide chain?