Textbook Question
Explain how the addition of acetyl groups to histones leads to a weaker association of DNA in nucleosomes.
Ch. 17 - Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes
Klug12th EditionConcepts of Genetics ISBN: 9780135564776
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Introduction to Genetics17
- Ch. 2 - Mitosis and Meiosis36
- Ch. 3 - Mendelian Genetics51
- Ch. 4 - Extensions of Mendelian Genetics74
- Ch. 5 - Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes51
- Ch. 6 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages46
- Ch. 7 - Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes33
- Ch. 8 - Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement40
- Ch. 9 - Extranuclear Inheritance31
- Ch. 10 - DNA Structure and Analysis43
- Ch. 11 - DNA Replication and Recombination44
- Ch. 12 - DNA Organization in Chromosomes30
- Ch. 13 - The Genetic Code and Transcription54
- Ch. 14 - Translation and Proteins47
- Ch. 15 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Transposition41
- Ch. 16 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria29
- Ch. 17 - Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes41
- Ch. 18 - Post-transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes33
- Ch. 19 - Epigenetics33
- Ch. 20 - Recombinant DNA Technology44
- Ch. 21 - Genomic Analysis36
- Ch. 22 - Applications of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology36
- Ch. 23 - Developmental Genetics37
- Ch. 24 - Cancer Genetics34
- Ch. 25 - Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits54
- Ch. 26 - Population and Evolutionary Genetics45
Chapter 17, Problem 9
Chromatin remodeling by the SWI/SNF complex requires hydrolysis of ATP. What purpose does this serve?
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Understand that chromatin remodeling involves changing the structure of chromatin to regulate access to DNA for processes like transcription.
Recognize that the SWI/SNF complex is a type of chromatin remodeler that uses energy to reposition or evict nucleosomes on DNA.
Identify that ATP hydrolysis provides the energy required for the SWI/SNF complex to physically alter nucleosome positioning.
Explain that the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + Pi releases energy, which the SWI/SNF complex harnesses to disrupt histone-DNA interactions.
Conclude that this energy-dependent remodeling facilitates access of transcription factors and other proteins to DNA, enabling gene expression regulation.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Chromatin Structure and Accessibility
Chromatin is composed of DNA wrapped around histone proteins, forming nucleosomes that compact the DNA and regulate gene accessibility. Remodeling chromatin alters this structure to expose or hide DNA regions, thereby controlling gene expression.
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Chromatin
SWI/SNF Complex Function
The SWI/SNF complex is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex that repositions or ejects nucleosomes to change chromatin structure. This remodeling facilitates access of transcription factors and other proteins to DNA, influencing gene regulation.
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Role of ATP Hydrolysis in Chromatin Remodeling
ATP hydrolysis provides the energy required for the SWI/SNF complex to disrupt histone-DNA interactions and reposition nucleosomes. This energy-dependent process enables dynamic changes in chromatin structure essential for regulating DNA accessibility.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Enhancers can influence the transcription of genes far away on the same chromosome. How are the effects of enhancers restricted so that they do not exert inappropriate transcriptional activation of non-target genes?
Textbook Question
Present an overview of the manner in which chromatin can be remodeled. Describe the manner in which these remodeling processes influence transcription.
Textbook Question
Distinguish between the cis-acting regulatory elements referred to as promoters and enhancers.
Textbook Question
Provide a brief description of two different types of histone modification and how they impact transcription.
Textbook Question
A number of experiments have demonstrated that areas of the genome that are transcriptionally inactive are also resistant to DNase I digestion. However, transcriptionally active areas are DNase I sensitive. Describe how DNase I resistance or sensitivity might indicate transcriptional activity.