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Bacterial Transformation definitions

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  • Transformation
    Uptake of external genetic material by bacteria, enabling new traits or functions, often used in laboratory gene studies.
  • Competent Cells
    Bacterial cells in a physiological state that allows them to absorb external DNA through their membrane.
  • Plasmid
    Circular DNA molecule commonly used in experiments for gene expression and protein production in bacteria.
  • Heteroduplex
    DNA structure formed when a single strand aligns with a complementary region on the bacterial chromosome after transformation.
  • Gene Mapping
    Technique using DNA uptake patterns to determine the relative positions of genes on a chromosome.
  • Fragmented DNA
    Pieces of genetic material produced by breaking DNA, used to study gene proximity during transformation.
  • Double Transformation
    Simultaneous uptake of two genes by a bacterium, indicating their close proximity on the original DNA.
  • Bacterial Membrane
    Barrier that external DNA must cross for successful genetic uptake during transformation.
  • Physiological State
    Condition of bacteria, natural or induced, that enables DNA absorption from the environment.
  • Lysis
    Process where a bacterial cell bursts, releasing its DNA into the environment for potential uptake.
  • Experimental Technique
    Laboratory method involving manipulation of bacteria and DNA to study genetic functions or produce proteins.
  • Chromosome
    Large DNA molecule in bacteria where foreign DNA fragments can integrate during transformation.
  • Complementary Region
    Segment of bacterial DNA with a sequence similar enough to align with incoming single-stranded DNA.
  • Protein Production
    Outcome of introducing specific genes into bacteria, leading to synthesis of desired proteins.
  • Enzyme
    Molecule used to fragment DNA, facilitating gene mapping and transformation studies.