Textbook Question
Which solid would you expect to have the largest band gap? a. As(s) b. Sb(s) c. Bi(s)
Ch.13 - Solids & Modern Materials
Tro6th EditionChemistry: A Molecular ApproachISBN: 9780137832217
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Matter, Measurement & Problem Solving118
- Ch.2 - Atoms & Elements106
- Ch.3 - Molecules and Compounds131
- Ch.4 - Chemical Reactions and Chemical Quantities56
- Ch.5 - Introduction to Solutions and Aqueous Solutions82
- Ch.6 - Gases114
- Ch.7 - Thermochemistry96
- Ch.8 - The Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom60
- Ch.9 - Periodic Properties of the Elements90
- Ch.10 - Chemical Bonding I: The Lewis Model89
- Ch.11 - Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes, VSEPR & MO Theory85
- Ch.12 - Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces51
- Ch.13 - Solids & Modern Materials47
- Ch.14 - Solutions90
- Ch.15 - Chemical Kinetics115
- Ch.16 - Chemical Equilibrium68
- Ch.17 - Acids and Bases136
- Ch.18 - Aqueous Ionic Equilibrium153
- Ch.19 - Free Energy & Thermodynamics93
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry106
- Ch.21 - Radioactivity & Nuclear Chemistry74
- Ch.22 - Organic Chemistry140
Chapter 13, Problem 62
What is the oxidation state of each element in the compound Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 formed by replacing aluminum ions in kaolinite with magnesium ions?
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the oxidation state of oxygen (O) in compounds, which is typically -2.
Recognize that hydrogen (H) in hydroxide (OH) usually has an oxidation state of +1.
Assign the oxidation state of magnesium (Mg) as +2, which is common for alkaline earth metals.
Let the oxidation state of silicon (Si) be x. Set up the equation based on the compound's neutrality: 3(+2) + 2(x) + 5(-2) + 4(+1) = 0.
Solve the equation for x to find the oxidation state of silicon.
Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Oxidation State
The oxidation state, or oxidation number, is a value that represents the total number of electrons an atom either gains or loses when it forms a compound. It helps in understanding the electron transfer in redox reactions and is crucial for determining the reactivity and stability of compounds. Oxidation states are assigned based on a set of rules, including the fact that the oxidation state of an element in its elemental form is zero.
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02:42
Oxidation Numbers
Ionic Compounds
Ionic compounds are formed when atoms transfer electrons, resulting in the formation of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions. In the context of the compound Mg3Si2O5(OH)4, magnesium acts as a cation, while silicon and oxygen contribute to the anionic part. Understanding the nature of ionic bonding is essential for determining the oxidation states of the elements involved.
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Polyatomic Ions
Polyatomic ions are ions composed of two or more atoms that are covalently bonded together and carry a net charge. In the compound Mg3Si2O5(OH)4, the hydroxide ion (OH) is a common polyatomic ion. Recognizing the presence and charge of polyatomic ions is important for calculating the overall charge balance in a compound and for determining the oxidation states of the individual elements.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
How many molecular orbitals are present in the conduction band of a sodium crystal with a mass of 3.67 g?
Textbook Question
Which solid would you expect to have little or no band gap? a. Cu(s) b. Si(s) c. As(s)
Textbook Question
Classify each of the following as a component of a silicate ceramic, an oxide ceramic, or a nonoxide ceramic. c. MoSi2