Textbook Question
Write a hybridization and bonding scheme for each molecule. Sketch the molecule, including overlapping orbitals, and label all bonds using the notation shown in Examples 11.6 and 11.7. a. CCl4
Ch.11 - Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes, VSEPR & MO Theory
Tro6th EditionChemistry: A Molecular ApproachISBN: 9780137832217
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Matter, Measurement & Problem Solving118
- Ch.2 - Atoms & Elements106
- Ch.3 - Molecules and Compounds131
- Ch.4 - Chemical Reactions and Chemical Quantities56
- Ch.5 - Introduction to Solutions and Aqueous Solutions82
- Ch.6 - Gases114
- Ch.7 - Thermochemistry96
- Ch.8 - The Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom60
- Ch.9 - Periodic Properties of the Elements90
- Ch.10 - Chemical Bonding I: The Lewis Model89
- Ch.11 - Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes, VSEPR & MO Theory85
- Ch.12 - Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces51
- Ch.13 - Solids & Modern Materials47
- Ch.14 - Solutions90
- Ch.15 - Chemical Kinetics115
- Ch.16 - Chemical Equilibrium68
- Ch.17 - Acids and Bases136
- Ch.18 - Aqueous Ionic Equilibrium153
- Ch.19 - Free Energy & Thermodynamics93
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry106
- Ch.21 - Radioactivity & Nuclear Chemistry74
- Ch.22 - Organic Chemistry140
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Tro 6th EditionCh.11 - Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes, VSEPR & MO TheoryProblem 60
Tro 6th EditionCh.11 - Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes, VSEPR & MO TheoryProblem 60Chapter 11, Problem 60
Which hybridization scheme allows the central atom to form more than four bonds? sp3, sp3d, sp2
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the hybridization schemes given: \(sp^3\), \(sp^3d\), and \(sp^2\).
Understand that \(sp^3\) hybridization involves one s orbital and three p orbitals, allowing for a maximum of four bonds.
Recognize that \(sp^2\) hybridization involves one s orbital and two p orbitals, allowing for a maximum of three bonds.
Consider \(sp^3d\) hybridization, which involves one s orbital, three p orbitals, and one d orbital, allowing for more than four bonds.
Conclude that \(sp^3d\) hybridization allows the central atom to form more than four bonds, typically up to five bonds.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Hybridization
Hybridization is a concept in chemistry that describes the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals. These hybrid orbitals can accommodate the bonding requirements of a central atom, allowing it to form covalent bonds with surrounding atoms. The type of hybridization (e.g., sp, sp2, sp3) determines the geometry and number of bonds that can be formed.
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Types of Hybridization
Different types of hybridization correspond to different bonding scenarios. For example, sp3 hybridization involves one s and three p orbitals, allowing for four equivalent bonds, typically seen in tetrahedral geometries. In contrast, sp3d hybridization includes one s, three p, and one d orbital, enabling the formation of five bonds, as seen in trigonal bipyramidal geometries.
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Coordination Number
The coordination number refers to the number of bonds formed by a central atom in a molecule. It is crucial for understanding the hybridization scheme, as a higher coordination number indicates the ability to form more bonds. For instance, a central atom with sp3d hybridization can achieve a coordination number of five, allowing it to bond with five other atoms.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Write orbital diagrams (boxes with arrows in them) to represent the electron configurations of carbon before and after sp hybridization.
Textbook Question
Write a hybridization and bonding scheme for each molecule. Sketch the molecule, including overlapping orbitals, and label all bonds using the notation shown in Examples 11.6 and 11.7. c. OF2
Textbook Question
Write a hybridization and bonding scheme for each molecule. Sketch the molecule, including overlapping orbitals, and label all bonds using the notation shown in Examples 11.6 and 11.7. b. NH3
Textbook Question
Which hybridization scheme allows the formation of at least one p bond? sp3, sp2, sp3d2
Textbook Question
Write orbital diagrams (boxes with arrows in them) to represent the electron configuration of carbon before and after sp3 hybridization.