Textbook Question
Saran, the polymer used to make saran wrap, is an addition polymer formed from two monomers—vinylidene chloride and vinyl chloride. Draw the structure of the polymer. (Hint: The monomers alternate.)
Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Material
Tro4th EditionChemistry: A Molecular ApproachISBN: 9780134112831
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Matter, Measurement & Problem Solving136
- Ch.2 - Atoms & Elements112
- Ch.3 - Molecules, Compounds & Chemical Equations159
- Ch.4 - Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions140
- Ch.5 - Gases118
- Ch.6 - Thermochemistry106
- Ch.7 - Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom62
- Ch.8 - Periodic Properties of the Elements103
- Ch.9 - Chemical Bonding I: The Lewis Model104
- Ch.10 - Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory89
- Ch.11 - Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces73
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Material59
- Ch.13 - Solutions110
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics140
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium78
- Ch.16 - Acids and Bases155
- Ch.17 - Aqueous Ionic Equilibrium176
- Ch.18 - Free Energy and Thermodynamics108
- Ch.19 - Electrochemistry118
- Ch.20 - Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry82
- Ch.21 - Organic Chemistry150
Chapter 12, Problem 67
Does a photon of red light with a frequency of 4.29⨉1014 Hz have sufficient energy to promote an electron from the valence band to the conduction band in a sample of silicon (the band gap in silicon is 1.11 eV)?
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Identify the energy of the photon using the formula: \( E = h \cdot f \), where \( h \) is Planck's constant \( 6.626 \times 10^{-34} \text{ J} \cdot \text{s} \) and \( f \) is the frequency of the photon.
Convert the energy from joules to electronvolts (eV) using the conversion factor: \( 1 \text{ eV} = 1.602 \times 10^{-19} \text{ J} \).
Compare the energy of the photon in eV to the band gap energy of silicon, which is 1.11 eV.
Determine if the photon's energy is greater than or equal to the band gap energy to decide if it can promote an electron from the valence band to the conduction band.
Conclude whether the photon has sufficient energy based on the comparison.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Photon Energy
The energy of a photon is directly related to its frequency and can be calculated using the equation E = hν, where E is energy, h is Planck's constant (6.626 x 10^-34 J·s), and ν is the frequency of the light. For red light with a frequency of 4.29 x 10^14 Hz, this relationship allows us to determine if the photon has enough energy to affect electron transitions in materials.
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Photon Energy Formulas
Band Gap Energy
The band gap energy is the energy difference between the valence band and the conduction band in a semiconductor. In silicon, this band gap is approximately 1.11 eV, which means that an electron must gain at least this amount of energy to transition from the valence band to the conduction band, allowing for electrical conductivity.
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Energy Conversion
To determine if the photon can promote an electron in silicon, we must convert the photon's energy from electron volts (eV) to joules (J) or vice versa. Since 1 eV is equivalent to 1.602 x 10^-19 J, this conversion is essential for comparing the energy of the photon with the band gap energy of silicon to see if the transition is possible.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Indicate if each solid forms an n-type or a p-type semiconductor. a. germanium doped with gallium b. silicon doped with arsenic
Textbook Question
Teflon is an addition polymer formed from the monomer shown here. Draw the structure of the polymer.
Textbook Question
Indicate if each solid forms an n-type or a p-type semiconductor.
a. silicon doped with gallium
b. germanium doped with antimony