Textbook Question
Identify the fourth-row elements, X, that form the following compounds.(a)
Ch.7 - Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot Structures
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement170
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions160
- Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions169
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution199
- Ch.5 - Periodicity & Electronic Structure of Atoms102
- Ch.6 - Ionic Compounds: Periodic Trends and Bonding Theory92
- Ch.7 - Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot Structures61
- Ch.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure59
- Ch.9 - Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy122
- Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior155
- Ch.11 - Liquids & Phase Changes54
- Ch.12 - Solids and Solid-State Materials73
- Ch.13 - Solutions & Their Properties120
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics98
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium125
- Ch.16 - Aqueous Equilibria: Acids & Bases110
- Ch.17 - Applications of Aqueous Equilibria147
- Ch.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & Equilibrium86
- Ch.19 - Electrochemistry154
- Ch.20 - Nuclear Chemistry96
- Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry156
- Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements187
- Ch.23 - Organic and Biological Chemistry51
Chapter 7, Problem 65
Which of the following substances contains an atom that does not follow the octet rule?(a) AlCl3 (b) PCl3 (c) PCl5(d) SiCl4
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Identify the central atom in each compound. For AlCl3, it's Al; for PCl3 and PCl5, it's P; for SiCl4, it's Si.
Determine the total number of valence electrons for the central atom in each compound. Aluminum has 3, Phosphorus has 5, and Silicon has 4 valence electrons.
Analyze the structure of each molecule to see how the valence electrons are distributed around the central atom. Remember that according to the octet rule, atoms tend to combine in such a way that they each have eight electrons in their valence shells.
Check if the central atom achieves an octet (8 electrons) through sharing electrons in covalent bonds. For example, in AlCl3, Al shares one electron with each of the three Cl atoms, totaling 6 electrons around Al.
Identify which compounds have central atoms that do not achieve an octet. In this case, Al in AlCl3 and P in PCl5 do not follow the octet rule, as Al ends up with 6 electrons and P in PCl5 ends up with 10 electrons.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Octet Rule
The octet rule is a chemical guideline stating that atoms tend to bond in such a way that they each have eight electrons in their valence shell, achieving a stable electron configuration similar to that of noble gases. This rule primarily applies to main group elements and helps predict the bonding behavior of atoms in molecules.
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01:27
Octet Rule
Expanded Octet
An expanded octet occurs when certain elements, particularly those in the third period and beyond, can accommodate more than eight electrons in their valence shell. This is possible due to the availability of d orbitals, allowing these atoms to form stable compounds with more than four bonds, as seen in molecules like PCl5.
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Lewis Structures
Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the bonding between atoms in a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They are essential for visualizing how atoms share or transfer electrons, helping to determine whether a molecule adheres to the octet rule or exhibits an expanded octet.
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Related Practice
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