Textbook Question
What is the systematic name for each of the following molecules or ions? Include cis or trans prefixes for diastereoisomers. Platinum is Pt(II) in square planar complexes and Pt(IV) in octahedral complexes.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement170
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions160
- Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions169
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution199
- Ch.5 - Periodicity & Electronic Structure of Atoms102
- Ch.6 - Ionic Compounds: Periodic Trends and Bonding Theory92
- Ch.7 - Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot Structures61
- Ch.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure59
- Ch.9 - Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy122
- Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior155
- Ch.11 - Liquids & Phase Changes54
- Ch.12 - Solids and Solid-State Materials73
- Ch.13 - Solutions & Their Properties120
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics98
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium125
- Ch.16 - Aqueous Equilibria: Acids & Bases110
- Ch.17 - Applications of Aqueous Equilibria147
- Ch.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & Equilibrium86
- Ch.19 - Electrochemistry154
- Ch.20 - Nuclear Chemistry96
- Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry156
- Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements187
- Ch.23 - Organic and Biological Chemistry51
Chapter 21, Problem 33
Consider the following isomers [Cr(NH3)2Cl4]-.
(a) Label the isomers as cis or trans.
(b) Which isomers are identical, and which are different?
(c) Do any of these isomers exist as enantiomers? Explain.
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the structure of the complex [Cr(NH3)2Cl4]-. This is an octahedral complex with chromium as the central metal ion, two ammonia (NH3) ligands, and four chloride (Cl-) ligands.
Step 2: Identify the possible geometric isomers. In an octahedral complex, the two NH3 ligands can either be adjacent to each other (cis) or opposite each other (trans).
Step 3: Label the isomers: If the two NH3 ligands are adjacent, the isomer is 'cis'. If they are opposite, the isomer is 'trans'.
Step 4: Determine which isomers are identical or different. In this case, the cis and trans isomers are different due to their distinct spatial arrangements.
Step 5: Consider the possibility of enantiomers. Enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror images. In an octahedral complex with two identical ligands, enantiomers are not possible unless there is a chiral center, which is not present in this case. Therefore, these isomers do not exist as enantiomers.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Isomerism
Isomerism refers to the phenomenon where compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements or spatial orientations. In coordination chemistry, isomers can be classified into structural isomers, which differ in the connectivity of atoms, and stereoisomers, which have the same connectivity but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. Understanding isomerism is crucial for identifying and labeling the isomers of coordination complexes.
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Isomerism in Coordination Complexes Example
Cis-Trans Isomerism
Cis-trans isomerism is a type of stereoisomerism where the relative positions of substituents around a central atom differ. In coordination complexes, 'cis' refers to isomers where similar ligands are adjacent to each other, while 'trans' indicates that similar ligands are opposite each other. This concept is essential for determining the spatial arrangement of ligands in the given isomers of [Cr(NH3)2Cl4]-.
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Enantiomers
Enantiomers are a specific type of stereoisomer that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other, often containing a chiral center. For a compound to have enantiomers, it must lack an internal plane of symmetry. In the context of the isomers of [Cr(NH3)2Cl4]-, identifying whether any of the isomers are chiral will determine if they can exist as enantiomers, which is crucial for answering part (c) of the question.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Locate on the periodic table the transition elements with the following electron configurations. Identify each element.
(c) [Kr] 4d25s2
(d) [Xe] 4f36s2
Textbook Question
Consider the following ethylenediamine complexes.
(a) Which complexes are chiral, and which are achiral?
(b) Draw the enantiomer of each chiral complex.
(c) Which, if any, of the chiral complexes are enantiomers of one another?
Textbook Question
Consider the following ethylenediamine complexes.
(a) Which complexes are chiral, and which are achiral?
(b) Draw the enantiomer of each chiral complex.
(c) Which, if any, of the chiral complexes are enantiomers of one another?
Textbook Question
Look at the location in the periodic table of elements A, B, C, and D. What is the electron configuration of the transition metal in each of the following ions?
(c) C3+
(d) DO42-
Textbook Question
Consider the following ethylenediamine complexes.
(a) Which complexes are chiral, and which are achiral?
(b) Draw the enantiomer of each chiral complex.
(c) Which, if any, of the chiral complexes are enantiomers of one another?