Textbook Question
What is the correct formula for sodium phosphate? (LO 2.24) (a) Na3PO4 (b) Na3P (c) NaPO4 (d) Na(PO4)2
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Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement170
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions160
- Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions169
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution199
- Ch.5 - Periodicity & Electronic Structure of Atoms102
- Ch.6 - Ionic Compounds: Periodic Trends and Bonding Theory92
- Ch.7 - Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot Structures61
- Ch.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure59
- Ch.9 - Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy122
- Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior155
- Ch.11 - Liquids & Phase Changes54
- Ch.12 - Solids and Solid-State Materials73
- Ch.13 - Solutions & Their Properties120
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics98
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium125
- Ch.16 - Aqueous Equilibria: Acids & Bases110
- Ch.17 - Applications of Aqueous Equilibria147
- Ch.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & Equilibrium86
- Ch.19 - Electrochemistry154
- Ch.20 - Nuclear Chemistry96
- Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry156
- Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements187
- Ch.23 - Organic and Biological Chemistry51
Chapter 2, Problem 12
Which of the following compounds would you expect to have covalent bonds? (LO 2.20) (a) Na2O (b) PBr3 (c) CaBr2 (d) MgS
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand that covalent bonds are formed when two nonmetals share electrons. This is in contrast to ionic bonds, which are formed when a metal and a nonmetal exchange electrons.
Step 2: Identify the type of elements in each compound. Sodium (Na) and Oxygen (O) in Na2O are a metal and a nonmetal, respectively. Phosphorus (P) and Bromine (Br) in PBr3 are both nonmetals. Calcium (Ca) and Bromine (Br) in CaBr2 are a metal and a nonmetal, respectively. Magnesium (Mg) and Sulfur (S) in MgS are a metal and a nonmetal, respectively.
Step 3: Based on the types of elements in each compound, predict the type of bond. Na2O, CaBr2, and MgS are likely to have ionic bonds because they are composed of a metal and a nonmetal. PBr3 is likely to have covalent bonds because it is composed of nonmetals only.
Step 4: Therefore, the compound that you would expect to have covalent bonds is PBr3.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Covalent Bonds
Covalent bonds are formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons, typically between nonmetals. This type of bonding allows atoms to achieve a full outer shell of electrons, leading to greater stability. Compounds with covalent bonds often have lower melting and boiling points compared to ionic compounds and can exist as gases, liquids, or solids at room temperature.
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02:03
Chemical Bonds
Ionic vs. Covalent Compounds
Ionic compounds are formed through the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of charged ions that attract each other. In contrast, covalent compounds involve the sharing of electrons. Understanding the difference between these types of bonding is crucial for predicting the properties and behaviors of various compounds, including their solubility and conductivity.
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Electronegativity
Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons in a bond. In general, nonmetals have higher electronegativities than metals, which influences whether a bond will be ionic or covalent. When two atoms with similar electronegativities bond, they are more likely to form covalent bonds, while a significant difference typically leads to ionic bonding.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in 107Ag+? (LO 2.21)(a) protons = 47, neutrons = 60, electrons = 46 (b) protons = 47, neutrons = 107, electrons = 48 (c) protons = 60, neutrons = 47, electrons = 47 (d) protons = 47, neutrons = 107, electrons = 46
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Textbook Question
How many atoms are present in 1.2 g of gold? (LO 2.16)(a) 2.5 * 1021 (b) 1.4 * 1026 (c) 7.2 * 1023 (d) 3.7 * 1021
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Textbook Question
Bromine has two naturally occurring isotopes; 79Br (mass of 78.918) and 81Br (mass of 80.916). If the atomic weight of bromine is 79.904, predict the mass spectrum of a sample of bromine atoms. (LO 2.17) (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
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Textbook Question
The molecular illustration represents (LO 2.18) (a) a pure element (b) a mixture of two elements (c) a pure compound (d) a mixture of an element and a compound
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Textbook Question
Where on the following outline of a periodic table are the indicated elements or groups of elements? (a) Alkali metals (b) Halogens (c) Alkaline earth metals(d) Transition metals (e) Hydrogen (f) Helium
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