Textbook Question
Which would you expect to be the stronger Lewis acid ineach of the following pairs? Explain.(a) BF3 or BH3
Ch.16 - Aqueous Equilibria: Acids & Bases
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement170
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions160
- Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions169
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution199
- Ch.5 - Periodicity & Electronic Structure of Atoms102
- Ch.6 - Ionic Compounds: Periodic Trends and Bonding Theory92
- Ch.7 - Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot Structures61
- Ch.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure59
- Ch.9 - Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy122
- Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior155
- Ch.11 - Liquids & Phase Changes54
- Ch.12 - Solids and Solid-State Materials73
- Ch.13 - Solutions & Their Properties120
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics98
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium125
- Ch.16 - Aqueous Equilibria: Acids & Bases110
- Ch.17 - Applications of Aqueous Equilibria147
- Ch.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & Equilibrium86
- Ch.19 - Electrochemistry154
- Ch.20 - Nuclear Chemistry96
- Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry156
- Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements187
- Ch.23 - Organic and Biological Chemistry51
Chapter 16, Problem 137
Arrange the following substances in order of increasing H3O+ concentration for a 0.10 M solution of each. (a) Zn(NO3)2 (b) Na2O (c) NaOCl (d) NaClO4 (e) HClO4
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the nature of each substance: Determine if each substance is an acid, base, or neutral salt. This will help predict how they affect the H3O+ concentration in solution.
Consider the dissociation of each substance in water: Write the chemical equation for the dissociation of each compound in water to understand the ions produced.
Evaluate the effect on H3O+ concentration: For acids, consider how they increase H3O+ concentration. For bases, consider how they decrease H3O+ concentration by producing OH- ions. Neutral salts typically do not affect H3O+ concentration significantly.
Rank the substances: Based on the dissociation and the nature of each substance, arrange them in order of increasing H3O+ concentration.
Check for strong acids or bases: Identify if any of the substances are strong acids or bases, as they will have a more significant impact on the H3O+ concentration compared to weak acids or bases.
Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Acid-Base Theory
Acid-base theory explains how substances can donate or accept protons (H+ ions). Strong acids, like HClO4, completely dissociate in water, increasing H3O+ concentration significantly. In contrast, weak acids or neutral salts do not contribute to H3O+ concentration as effectively, making this theory essential for understanding the behavior of the given substances.
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02:08
Bronsted-Lowry Acid-Base Theory
Dissociation of Ionic Compounds
Ionic compounds dissociate into their constituent ions when dissolved in water. For example, Zn(NO3)2 dissociates into Zn²+ and NO3- ions, while Na2O reacts with water to form Na+ and OH- ions. The extent of dissociation and the nature of the ions produced influence the resulting H3O+ concentration in the solution.
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02:11Ionic Compounds Naming
pH and H3O+ Concentration
The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, with lower pH values indicating higher H3O+ concentrations. The relationship between pH and H3O+ is logarithmic, meaning that a small change in pH corresponds to a significant change in H3O+ concentration. Understanding this relationship is crucial for arranging the substances based on their H3O+ levels.
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02:33The pH Scale