Ch.12 - Solids and Solid-State Materials

McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145Not the one you use?Change textbook

McMurry 8th Edition

Ch.12 - Solids and Solid-State Materials

Problem 113

Chapter 12, Problem 113

Looking at Figure 12.27 identify the coordination numbers of the Cu, Y, and Ba atoms.

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Identify the different types of atoms in the figure: Cu (blue), Y (yellow), and Ba (red).

Count the number of nearest neighbor atoms surrounding a Cu atom (blue).

Count the number of nearest neighbor atoms surrounding a Y atom (yellow).

Count the number of nearest neighbor atoms surrounding a Ba atom (red).

Summarize the coordination numbers for Cu, Y, and Ba based on the counts from the previous steps.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Coordination Number

The coordination number of an atom in a crystal structure refers to the number of nearest neighboring atoms surrounding it. This concept is crucial for understanding the geometry and stability of crystalline solids, as it influences the physical properties of the material, such as density and melting point.

Crystal Lattice Structure

A crystal lattice structure is a three-dimensional arrangement of atoms or ions in a crystalline solid. The specific arrangement determines the coordination numbers of the constituent atoms, which can vary based on the type of crystal system (e.g., cubic, hexagonal) and the size and charge of the atoms involved.

Ionic and Metallic Bonding

Ionic and metallic bonding are two types of chemical bonding that significantly influence the coordination numbers in solids. In ionic compounds, the coordination number is determined by the electrostatic attraction between cations and anions, while in metallic bonding, it relates to the arrangement of metal atoms and the delocalization of electrons, affecting the overall structure and properties of the material.

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Textbook Question

The YBa₂Cu₃O₇ superconductor can be synthesized by the solgel method from a stoichiometric mixture of metal ethoxides followed by heating in oxygen. How many grams of Y(OCH₂CH₃)₃ and how many grams of Ba(OCH₂CH₃)₂ are required to react with 75.4 g of Cu(OCH₂CH₃)₂ and an excess of water? Assuming a 100% yield, how many grams of YBa₂Cu₃O₇ are obtained?

Textbook Question

Gallium arsenide, a material used to manufacture laser printers and compact disc players, has a band gap of 130 kJ/mol. Is GaAs a metallic conductor, a semiconductor, or an electrical insulator? With what group 4A element is GaAs isoelectronic? (Isoelectronic substances have the same number of electrons.)

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What is the coordination environment of the K+ ions in thefullerene-based superconductor K3C60?

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Wide band-gap semiconductors have a band gap between 2 and 7 electron volts (eV), where 1 eV = 96.485 kJ/mol. The wide band-gap semiconductor GaN, used to construct the laser in Blu-ray DVD players, has a band gap of 3.44 eV. The material in the laser, Ga_xIn_1-xN, has some indium substituted for gallium. (b) If the light from the device is blue, does partial substitution of indium for gallium increase or decrease the band gap of Ga_xIn_1-xN compared to GaN?

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Textbook Question

What is a ceramic, and what properties distinguish a ceramic from a metal?