Textbook Question
a. Does SCl2 have a nonzero dipole moment?
Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement146
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions200
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry176
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution155
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry126
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms131
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements126
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding123
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories143
- Ch.10 - Gases147
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces91
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials122
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions126
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics174
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium101
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria139
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria146
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment72
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics129
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry142
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry101
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals68
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry66
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry10
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 9, Problem 38b
(b) It turns out that ozone, O3, has a small dipole moment. How is this possible, given that all the atoms are the same?
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that a dipole moment arises from differences in electronegativity between atoms, leading to an uneven distribution of electron density.
Recognize that ozone (O_3) is a molecule with a bent shape, similar to water (H_2O), due to the presence of lone pairs on the central oxygen atom.
Consider the molecular geometry: Ozone has a V-shaped or bent structure, which means the molecule is not linear.
Realize that even though the atoms are the same (oxygen), the bent shape causes an asymmetrical distribution of charge, leading to a net dipole moment.
Conclude that the dipole moment in ozone is due to its molecular geometry, which causes an uneven distribution of electron density despite having identical atoms.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Molecular Geometry
Molecular geometry refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within a molecule. In the case of ozone (O3), the molecule has a bent shape due to the presence of lone pairs on the central oxygen atom. This geometry is crucial because it influences the distribution of electron density, leading to a dipole moment despite the identical atoms.
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Dipole Moment
A dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule, resulting from differences in electronegativity and molecular geometry. In ozone, the bent structure causes an uneven distribution of electron density, creating a dipole moment. This means that one side of the molecule is slightly more negative, while the other is slightly more positive.
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Electronegativity
Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond. Although all atoms in ozone are oxygen, the arrangement and lone pairs affect how the electrons are shared. In ozone, the effective electronegativity is influenced by the molecular shape, leading to a dipole moment even among identical atoms.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Predict whether each of the following molecules is polar or nonpolar: (a) IF, (b) CS2, (c) SO3, (d) PCl3, (e) SF6, (f) IF5.
Textbook Question
a. Consider the AF3 molecules in Exercise 9.27. Which of these will have a nonzero dipole moment?
Textbook Question
(c) Does the molecule BF2Cl have a dipole moment?
Textbook Question
Which of the following statements are true?
i. The overall dipole moment of a molecule is the vector sum of its individual bond dipoles.
ii. If atoms A and B in an AB𝑛 molecule have different electronegativities, then the AB𝑛 molecule must have a nonzero dipole moment.
iii. The bond dipoles in a tetrahedral AB4 molecule cancel one another.