Textbook Question
(c) An atom has the electron configuration 1s22s22p63s23p2. How many valence electrons does the atom have?
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Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement146
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions200
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry176
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution155
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry126
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms131
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements126
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding123
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories143
- Ch.10 - Gases147
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces91
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials122
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions126
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics174
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium101
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria139
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria146
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment72
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics129
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry142
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry101
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals68
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry66
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry10
Brown15th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780137542970Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 8, Problem 14a
(a) Write the electron configuration for the element titanium, Ti. How many valence electrons does this atom possess?
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Identify the atomic number of titanium (Ti), which is 22.
Use the Aufbau principle to fill the electron orbitals in order of increasing energy: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d.
Write the electron configuration for titanium by distributing 22 electrons: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d².
Determine the valence electrons by identifying the electrons in the outermost shell, which are in the 4s and 3d orbitals.
Count the valence electrons: Titanium has 2 electrons in the 4s orbital and 2 electrons in the 3d orbital, totaling 4 valence electrons.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Electron Configuration
Electron configuration describes the distribution of electrons in an atom's orbitals. It is represented using a notation that indicates the energy levels and sublevels occupied by electrons. For titanium (Ti), which has an atomic number of 22, the electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d², showing how electrons fill the available orbitals.
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Electron Configuration Example
Valence Electrons
Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that are involved in chemical bonding. They determine an element's reactivity and the types of bonds it can form. For titanium, the valence electrons are found in the 4s and 3d orbitals, totaling four valence electrons (2 from 4s and 2 from 3d).
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Periodic Table and Group Trends
The periodic table organizes elements based on their atomic number and electron configurations, revealing trends in properties such as electronegativity, ionization energy, and valence electrons. Titanium is located in group 4, which typically has four valence electrons, reinforcing the understanding of its chemical behavior and bonding characteristics.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
(a) True or false: The hydrogen atom is most stable when it has a full octet of electrons.
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Textbook Question
(c) Ti and Hf behave as though they possess the same number of valence electrons. Which of the subshells in the electron configuration of Hf behave as valence orbitals? Which behave as core orbitals?
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Textbook Question
(b) Hafnium, Hf, is also found in group 4. Write the electron configuration for Hf.
Textbook Question
Write the Lewis symbol for atoms of each of the following elements: (a) Te (b) Si (c) Ar (d) P
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Textbook Question
Consider the element silicon, Si. (c) Which subshells hold the valence electrons?
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