(a) What is the electrostatic potential energy (in joules) between two electrons that are separated by 62 pm?

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Identify the formula for electrostatic potential energy between two point charges, which is given by Coulomb's Law: \( U = \frac{k \cdot q_1 \cdot q_2}{r} \), where \( U \) is the potential energy, \( k \) is Coulomb's constant (\( 8.99 \times 10^9 \, \text{N m}^2/\text{C}^2 \)), \( q_1 \) and \( q_2 \) are the charges, and \( r \) is the separation between the charges.

Convert the distance from picometers to meters. Since 1 pm = \( 1 \times 10^{-12} \) meters, multiply 62 pm by \( 1 \times 10^{-12} \) to convert it to meters.

Substitute the values of the charges of the electrons, which are both \( -1.602 \times 10^{-19} \) Coulombs, into the formula.

Plug in the value of \( r \) (the converted distance in meters) and the Coulomb's constant into the formula.

Calculate the electrostatic potential energy using the values substituted into the formula. Remember that the result will be negative, indicating that the potential energy is attractive.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Electrostatic Potential Energy

Electrostatic potential energy is the energy stored due to the position of charged particles relative to each other. It is calculated using the formula U = k * (q1 * q2) / r, where U is the potential energy, k is Coulomb's constant, q1 and q2 are the charges, and r is the distance between them. For electrons, which have the same charge, this energy will be negative, indicating a repulsive interaction.

Coulomb's Law

Coulomb's Law describes the force between two charged objects and is fundamental in calculating electrostatic interactions. It states that the force (F) between two charges is directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This law is essential for determining the potential energy in systems involving charged particles.

Unit Conversion

In chemistry and physics, unit conversion is crucial for ensuring that measurements are in compatible units. In this context, the distance between the electrons is given in picometers (pm), which must be converted to meters (m) for calculations involving electrostatic potential energy. Understanding how to convert units accurately is vital for obtaining correct results in scientific calculations.

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Conversion Factors

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Textbook Question

(b) What is the change in potential energy if the distance separating the two electrons is increased to 1.0 nm?

Textbook Question

(a) The electrostatic force (not energy) of attraction between two oppositely charged objects is given by the equation F = k (Q₁Q₂/d²) where k = 8.99⨉10⁹N-m²/C², Q₁and Q₂ are the charges of the two objects in Coulombs, and d is the distance separating the two objects in meters. What is the electrostatic force of attraction (in Newtons) between an electron and a proton that are separated by 1⨉10²pm?

Textbook Question

(b) Why does increasing the temperature cause a solid substance to change in succession from a solid to a liquid to a gas?

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