Textbook Question
(a) What is the difference between chlorofluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons?
Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
Not the one you use?Change textbookSelect a different textbook
Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 18, Problem 24
Which of the following reactions in the stratosphere cause an increase in temperature there? (a) O(g) + O2(g) → O3+(g) (b) O3*(g) + M(g) → O3(g) + M*(g) (c) O2(g) + hv → 2 O(g) (d) O(g) + N2(g) → NO(g) + N(g) (e) All of the above
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the reactions that involve the absorption of energy, as these are likely to cause an increase in temperature.
Consider reaction (c): \(\text{O}_2(g) + h\nu \rightarrow 2 \text{O}(g)\). This reaction involves the absorption of ultraviolet light (hv), which provides energy to break the O-O bond in \(\text{O}_2\), leading to an increase in temperature.
Evaluate the other reactions to determine if they involve energy absorption or release. Reactions that release energy (exothermic) can also increase temperature.
Reaction (a) involves the formation of ozone, which is an exothermic process, potentially increasing temperature.
Conclude that reactions involving energy absorption or exothermic processes contribute to temperature increase in the stratosphere.
Verified video answer for a similar problem:
This video solution was recommended by our tutors as helpful for the problem above.
Video duration:
5mWas this helpful?
Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Stratospheric Chemistry
Stratospheric chemistry involves the study of chemical reactions that occur in the stratosphere, particularly those involving ozone (O3) and other atmospheric gases. The reactions can influence the concentration of ozone, which plays a crucial role in absorbing ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, thereby affecting temperature and climate patterns.
Recommended video:
Guided course
00:58
Chemistry Gas Laws
Photodissociation
Photodissociation is the process by which a chemical compound is broken down by photons, typically ultraviolet light. In the context of the stratosphere, the reaction O2(g) + hv → 2 O(g) illustrates how UV radiation can lead to the formation of reactive oxygen atoms, which can subsequently participate in other reactions that may affect temperature.
Ozone Formation and Depletion
Ozone formation and depletion are critical processes in the stratosphere that influence temperature. Reactions that produce ozone, such as O(g) + O2(g) → O3(g), can lead to warming as ozone absorbs UV radiation. Conversely, reactions that deplete ozone can lead to cooling effects, making it essential to understand these dynamics when analyzing temperature changes in the stratosphere.
Recommended video:
Guided course
00:46Formation Equations Example 1
Related Practice
Textbook Question
The ultraviolet spectrum can be divided into three regions based on wavelength: UV-A (315–400 nm), UV-B (280–315 nm), and UV-C (100–280 nm). (b) In the absence of ozone, which of these three regions, if any, are absorbed by the atmo- sphere?
3
views
Textbook Question
The ultraviolet spectrum can be divided into three regions based on wavelength: UV-A (315–400 nm), UV-B (280–315 nm), and UV-C (100–280 nm). (c) When appropriate concentrations of ozone are present in the stratosphere, is all of the UV light absorbed before reaching the Earth’s surface? If not, which region or regions are not filtered out?