Textbook Question
Indicate whether each statement is true or false:(c) The solubility of most gases in water decreases as thetemperature increases because water is breaking its hydrogen bonding to the gas molecules as the temperature is raised.
Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
Not the one you use?Change textbookSelect a different textbook
Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 13, Problem 34c
Which of the following in each pair is likely to be more soluble in water: (c) HCl or ethyl chloride (CH3CH2Cl)? Explain in each case.
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the concept of 'like dissolves like'. This means that polar substances tend to dissolve in polar solvents, and nonpolar substances tend to dissolve in nonpolar solvents. Water is a polar solvent.
Step 2: Identify the polarity of the substances. HCl is a polar molecule because it has a polar bond due to the difference in electronegativity between hydrogen and chlorine. Ethyl chloride (CH3CH2Cl) is also polar, but less so than HCl because the electronegativity difference between carbon and hydrogen is less than that between hydrogen and chlorine.
Step 3: Consider the ability of the substances to form hydrogen bonds with water. HCl can form hydrogen bonds with water because chlorine is a highly electronegative atom. Ethyl chloride, on the other hand, cannot form hydrogen bonds with water because it does not have a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom.
Step 4: Based on the above considerations, HCl is likely to be more soluble in water than ethyl chloride. This is because HCl is more polar and can form hydrogen bonds with water, while ethyl chloride is less polar and cannot form hydrogen bonds with water.
Step 5: Remember that these are general guidelines and actual solubility can be influenced by other factors such as temperature and pressure.
Verified video answer for a similar problem:
This video solution was recommended by our tutors as helpful for the problem above.
Video duration:
1mWas this helpful?
Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Polarity and Solubility
Polarity refers to the distribution of electrical charge over the atoms in a molecule. Polar molecules, which have a significant difference in electronegativity between their atoms, tend to dissolve well in polar solvents like water. This is due to the 'like dissolves like' principle, where polar solutes are more soluble in polar solvents, while nonpolar solutes are better dissolved in nonpolar solvents.
Recommended video:
Guided course
02:38
Molecular Polarity
Hydrogen Bonding
Hydrogen bonding is a strong type of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine. In the case of HCl, the molecule can form hydrogen bonds with water, enhancing its solubility. Ethyl chloride, being a nonpolar molecule, lacks the ability to form such interactions, making it less soluble in water.
Recommended video:
Guided course
01:22Hydrogenation Reactions
Molecular Structure and Functional Groups
The molecular structure and functional groups of a compound significantly influence its solubility. HCl is a simple diatomic molecule that ionizes in water to form H⁺ and Cl⁻ ions, increasing its solubility. In contrast, ethyl chloride has a larger hydrocarbon structure with a chlorine atom, which does not ionize and is less compatible with water, leading to lower solubility.
Recommended video:
Guided course
00:41Functional Groups Example
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Indicate whether each statement is true or false: (c) As you cool a saturated solution from high temperature to low temperature, solids start to crystallize out of solution if you achieve a supersaturated solution.
Textbook Question
Which of the following in each pair is likely to be more soluble in water: (a) cyclohexane (C6H12) or glucose (C6H12O6),
Textbook Question
Indicate whether each statement is true or false: (d) If you take a saturated solution and raise its temperature, you can (usually) add more solute and make the solution even more concentrated.
Textbook Question
Which of the following in each pair is likely to be more soluble in water: (b) propionic acid (CH3CH2COOH) or sodium propionate (CH3CH2COONa)
Textbook Question
Which of the following in each pair is likely to be more soluble in hexane, C6H14: (a) CCl4 or CaCl2, (b) benzene (C6H6) or glycerol, CH2(OH)CH(OH)CH2OH, (c) octanoic acid, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH, or acetic acid, CH3COOH? Explain your answer in each case.
1
views