Textbook Question
Which type (or types) of crystalline solid is characterized by each of the following? (d) network of covalent bonds.
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Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 12, Problem 14b
Which type (or types) of crystalline solid is characterized by each of the following? (b) softness, relatively low melting point;
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the characteristics given in the problem: softness and relatively low melting point.
Recall the four main types of crystalline solids: ionic, molecular, covalent network, and metallic.
Analyze each type: Ionic solids typically have high melting points; metallic solids are malleable but not typically soft; covalent network solids are very hard and have high melting points.
Focus on molecular solids, which are generally composed of molecules held together by intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds.
Conclude that molecular solids best fit the description as they are characterized by softness and relatively low melting points due to the weaker intermolecular forces compared to other types of crystalline solids.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Types of Crystalline Solids
Crystalline solids can be categorized into several types based on the nature of the bonding and the arrangement of their constituent particles. The main types include ionic, covalent network, metallic, and molecular solids. Each type exhibits distinct physical properties, such as hardness, melting point, and conductivity, which are influenced by the strength and type of interactions between the particles.
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Crystalline Solids Structure
Molecular Solids
Molecular solids are composed of molecules held together by relatively weak intermolecular forces, such as van der Waals forces or hydrogen bonds. This type of solid typically exhibits characteristics like softness and low melting points, as the forces holding the molecules together are not as strong as those in ionic or covalent solids. Examples include ice and sugar, which can be easily deformed and melt at lower temperatures.
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Melting Point and Softness
The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it transitions from a solid to a liquid state. Softness refers to the ability of a material to be easily deformed or scratched. In crystalline solids, those with lower melting points and softness, such as molecular solids, often have weaker bonding forces, making them more susceptible to changes in temperature and pressure compared to harder solids like ionic or covalent network solids.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
What kinds of attractive forces exist between particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) in (a) molecular crystals?
Textbook Question
Which type (or types) of crystalline solid is characterized by each of the following? (a) High mobility of electrons throughout the solid;
Textbook Question
Indicate the type of solid (molecular, metallic, ionic, or covalent-network) for each compound: (a) CaSO4 (molecular, metallic, ionic, or covalent-network) for each compound: (b) Pd (molecular, metallic, ionic, or covalent-network) for each compound: (d) caffeine (C8H10N4O2) (molecular, metallic, ionic, or covalent-network) for each compound: (e) toluene (C7H8) (molecular, metallic, ionic, or covalent-network) for each compound: (f) P4.
Textbook Question
What kinds of attractive forces exist between particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) in (d) and metallic crystals?
Textbook Question
Which type (or types) of crystalline solid is characterized by each of the following? (c) high melting point and poor electrical conductivity;