BackGeneral Chemistry Fundamentals
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Terms in this set (20)
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.
An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties.
The periodic table organizes elements by increasing atomic number and groups elements with similar properties.
An ionic bond is formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, creating oppositely charged ions.
A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.
The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
Atomic mass is the weighted average mass of an element's isotopes, measured in atomic mass units (amu).
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
Number of neutrons = \(\text{mass number} - \text{atomic number}\).
A molecule is two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
An element contains only one type of atom; a compound contains two or more different atoms chemically bonded.
The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
Physical changes alter appearance without changing composition; chemical changes produce new substances.
A mole is the amount of substance containing \(6.022 \times 10^{23}\) particles.
Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).
Percent composition = (mass of element / total mass of compound) × 100%.
An empirical formula shows the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.
A molecular formula shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.
The octet rule states atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to have eight valence electrons.