BackGeneral Chemistry Fundamentals
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Terms in this set (20)
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.
An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties.
The periodic table organizes elements by increasing atomic number and similar chemical properties.
An ionic bond forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, creating oppositely charged ions.
A covalent bond forms when atoms share electrons to achieve stability.
The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
Atomic mass is the weighted average mass of an element's isotopes, measured in atomic mass units (amu).
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).
A mole is Avogadro's number of particles, \(6.022\times10^{23}\).
An element contains only one type of atom; a compound contains two or more elements chemically combined.
A chemical formula shows the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule or compound.
The octet rule states atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to have eight valence electrons.
Electronegativity measures an atom's ability to attract electrons in a bond.
Ionic compounds are named by stating the cation first, then the anion, often with an -ide suffix.
A polyatomic ion is a charged group of covalently bonded atoms acting as a single ion.
Polar covalent bonds have unequal electron sharing; nonpolar covalent bonds share electrons equally.
The law of conservation of mass states mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
A chemical reaction involves rearrangement of atoms to form new substances.