BackGeneral Chemistry Fundamentals
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Terms in this set (20)
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.
An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties.
Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
The periodic table organizes elements by increasing atomic number and similar chemical properties.
A group is a vertical column of elements with similar valence electron configurations and properties.
A period is a horizontal row of elements with increasing atomic number.
An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of electrons.
Ionic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between positively and negatively charged ions.
Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
A molecule is two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
An element contains only one type of atom; a compound contains two or more different atoms chemically bonded.
The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
Density is calculated as \(\rho=\frac{m}{V}\), where m is mass and V is volume.
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, usually expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).
Avogadro's number is \(6.022\times10^{23}\), the number of particles in one mole.
An empirical formula shows the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms; a molecular formula shows the actual number of atoms in a molecule.