BackGeneral Chemistry Fundamentals
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Terms in this set (20)
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.
An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties.
The periodic table organizes elements by increasing atomic number and groups elements with similar properties.
An ionic bond forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, creating oppositely charged ions.
A covalent bond forms when atoms share electrons to achieve stable electron configurations.
The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
Atomic mass is the weighted average mass of an element's isotopes, measured in atomic mass units (amu).
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
A mole is the amount of substance containing \(6.022\times10^{23}\) particles.
Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).
Number of moles = mass (g) ÷ molar mass (g/mol).
An element contains only one type of atom; a compound contains two or more elements chemically combined.
A chemical formula shows the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule or compound.
The octet rule states atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to have eight electrons in their valence shell.
Electronegativity is an atom's ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond.
Large electronegativity difference leads to ionic bonds; small difference leads to covalent bonds.
A polyatomic ion is a charged group of covalently bonded atoms acting as a single ion.
An empirical formula shows the simplest ratio of atoms; a molecular formula shows the actual number of atoms.
The law of conservation of mass states mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.