Skip to main content
Back

General Chemistry Fundamentals

Control buttons has been changed to "navigation" mode.
1/21
  • What is matter?

    Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.

  • What are the three states of matter?

    The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.

  • Define an atom.

    An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties.

  • What are the main subatomic particles in an atom?

    Protons, neutrons, and electrons are the main subatomic particles.

  • What is the charge and location of a proton?

    A proton has a positive charge and is located in the nucleus.

  • What is the charge and location of a neutron?

    A neutron has no charge (neutral) and is located in the nucleus.

  • What is the charge and location of an electron?

    An electron has a negative charge and orbits the nucleus in electron clouds.

  • What does the atomic number represent?

    The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

  • What is the mass number of an atom?

    The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

  • What is an isotope?

    An isotope is an atom of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

  • What is the periodic table?

    The periodic table organizes elements by increasing atomic number and similar properties.

  • What are groups/families in the periodic table?

    Groups or families are vertical columns with elements having similar chemical properties.

  • What are periods in the periodic table?

    Periods are horizontal rows indicating elements with the same number of electron shells.

  • Define ionic bonding.

    Ionic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions formed by electron transfer.

  • Define covalent bonding.

    Covalent bonding involves sharing electron pairs between atoms.

  • What type of elements typically form ionic bonds?

    Ionic bonds usually form between metals and nonmetals.

  • What type of elements typically form covalent bonds?

    Covalent bonds usually form between nonmetal atoms.

  • What is the octet rule?

    The octet rule states atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to have eight valence electrons.

  • How is the formula mass of a compound calculated?

    Sum the atomic masses of all atoms in the compound's formula.

  • What is the mole in chemistry?

    A mole is \(6.022\times10^{23}\) particles of a substance.

  • How do you calculate molar mass?

    Molar mass is the mass in grams of one mole of a substance, equal to its formula mass in amu.