BackGeneral Chemistry Fundamentals
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Terms in this set (20)
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.
An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties.
Atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
The periodic table organizes elements by increasing atomic number and similar chemical properties.
An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of electrons.
Ionic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between positively and negatively charged ions.
Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
A molecule is two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
An element contains only one type of atom; a compound contains two or more different atoms chemically combined.
The law of conservation of mass states mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
Density is calculated as \(\rho=\frac{m}{V}\), where m is mass and V is volume.
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
A cation is a positively charged ion; an anion is a negatively charged ion.
Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, usually in grams per mole (g/mol).
Avogadro's number is \(6.022\times10^{23}\), the number of particles in one mole.
The empirical formula shows the simplest ratio of atoms; the molecular formula shows the actual number of atoms in a molecule.
A chemical reaction is a process where substances change into new substances with different properties.
The octet rule states atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to have eight electrons in their valence shell.