BackGeneral Chemistry Fundamentals
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Terms in this set (20)
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties.
The periodic table organizes elements by increasing atomic number and groups elements with similar properties.
Ionic bonds form by transfer of electrons between atoms; covalent bonds form by sharing electrons.
An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of electrons.
The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
Atomic mass is the weighted average mass of an element's isotopes, measured in atomic mass units (amu).
An element is a pure substance made of only one kind of atom.
A molecule is two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
A compound is a substance with atoms of different elements chemically bonded; a mixture is a physical blend of substances.
The law of conservation of mass states mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
A period is a horizontal row in the periodic table indicating elements with increasing atomic number.
A group or family is a vertical column of elements with similar chemical properties.
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).
A mole is 6.022 x 1023 particles of a substance, Avogadro's number.
An empirical formula shows the simplest ratio of atoms; a molecular formula shows the actual number of atoms.
A chemical reaction is a process where substances change into new substances with different properties.
Valence electrons are the outermost electrons involved in chemical bonding.
The octet rule states atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to have eight valence electrons.