BackGeneral Chemistry Fundamentals
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Terms in this set (20)
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.
An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties.
The periodic table organizes elements by increasing atomic number and groups elements with similar properties.
An ionic bond forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, creating oppositely charged ions.
A covalent bond forms when atoms share electrons to achieve stability.
The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
Atomic mass is the weighted average mass of an element's isotopes, measured in atomic mass units (amu).
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
A molecule is two or more atoms bonded together; a compound is a molecule with at least two different elements.
The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).
A mole is the amount of substance containing \(6.022\times10^{23}\) entities (Avogadro's number).
An element contains only one type of atom; a compound contains two or more different elements chemically combined.
The octet rule states atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to have eight electrons in their valence shell.
Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond.
Ionic bonds involve electron transfer; covalent bonds involve electron sharing.
A polyatomic ion is a charged species composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded.
Atomic radius decreases across a period and increases down a group in the periodic table.
Ionization energy generally increases across a period and decreases down a group.