BackGeneral Chemistry Core Concepts
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Terms in this set (20)
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.
An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties.
The periodic table organizes elements by increasing atomic number and groups with similar properties.
An ionic bond forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, creating oppositely charged ions.
A covalent bond forms when atoms share electrons to achieve stability.
The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
Atomic mass is the weighted average mass of an element's isotopes, measured in atomic mass units (amu).
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
A molecule is two or more atoms bonded together; a compound is a molecule with at least two different elements.
The octet rule states atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to have eight electrons in their valence shell.
Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).
A mole is 6.022 x 10\(23\) particles of a substance.
Density = \(\frac{mass}{volume}\)
An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of electrons.
Cations are positively charged ions; anions are negatively charged ions.
A chemical formula shows the types and numbers of atoms in a compound.
The law of conservation of mass states mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom involved in bonding.
Electronegativity is an atom's ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond.