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General Chemistry Basics

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  • Primary difference between ionic and covalent bonds

    Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.

  • Atomic number of an element with 11 protons

    The atomic number is 11, which equals the number of protons in the element.

  • Mass number of an element with 11 protons and 12 neutrons

    The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons: \(11 + 12\) = \(23\).

  • Why noble gases rarely form chemical bonds

    Noble gases have a full valence electron shell, making them chemically stable and unlikely to form bonds.

  • Balanced chemical equation for hydrogen and oxygen forming water

    Balanced equation: \(2H_2 + O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O\)

  • pH indication of a bright red pH strip at pH 2

    A pH of 2 indicates a strong acid because it is highly acidic (pH < 7).