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Classification of Matter - General Chemistry

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  • What is matter?

    Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.

  • What are the two main categories of matter?

    Pure substances and mixtures.

  • Define a pure substance.

    A pure substance has a fixed composition and distinct properties.

  • What are elements?

    Elements are pure substances made of only one type of atom.

  • What are compounds?

    Compounds are pure substances made of two or more elements chemically combined in fixed ratios.

  • Define mixtures.

    Mixtures contain two or more substances physically combined, with variable composition.

  • What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures?

    Homogeneous mixtures have uniform composition; heterogeneous mixtures have visibly different parts.

  • Give an example of a homogeneous mixture.

    Salt dissolved in water is a homogeneous mixture.

  • Give an example of a heterogeneous mixture.

    Sand mixed with iron filings is a heterogeneous mixture.

  • What is a physical change?

    A physical change alters the form or appearance of matter without changing its composition.

  • What is a chemical change?

    A chemical change produces one or more new substances with different properties.

  • How can mixtures be separated?

    Mixtures can be separated by physical methods like filtration, distillation, or chromatography.

  • What is the difference between an element and a compound?

    An element contains one type of atom; a compound contains two or more elements chemically bonded.

  • What is the significance of fixed composition in pure substances?

    It means the substance has consistent properties and cannot be separated by physical means.

  • Can mixtures have variable composition?

    Yes, mixtures can have varying proportions of their components.

  • What is an example of a compound?

    Water (H\(2\)O) is a compound made of hydrogen and oxygen.

  • What is an example of an element?

    Oxygen (O\(2\)) is an element made of oxygen atoms.

  • Why are mixtures considered physically combined?

    Because their components retain individual properties and can be separated physically.

  • What is the role of chemical bonds in compounds?

    Chemical bonds hold atoms together in fixed ratios to form compounds.