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The Alkyl Group quiz

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Terms in this set (15)

  • What is an alkyl group and how is it formed?
    An alkyl group is formed by removing a hydrogen atom from an alkane compound. This allows the remaining structure to bond with something else.
  • What is the general formula for alkanes?
    The general formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2, where n is the number of carbons.
  • What happens to the name of an alkane when it becomes an alkyl group?
    The ending changes from -ane to -yl when an alkane becomes an alkyl group.
  • What is the name of the alkyl group derived from methane?
    The alkyl group derived from methane is called methyl (CH3).
  • What is a methylene group and what is its formula?
    A methylene group is CH2, which is a carbon connected to two hydrogens and two other groups.
  • What is a methyne group and how many bonds does its carbon have?
    A methyne group is CH, where the carbon is connected to three other groups and one hydrogen.
  • How is an ethyl group formed and what is its formula?
    An ethyl group is formed by removing a hydrogen from ethane, resulting in C2H5.
  • What is the difference between propyl and isopropyl groups?
    Propyl is formed by removing a hydrogen from an end carbon of propane, while isopropyl is formed by removing a hydrogen from the middle carbon.
  • What does the prefix 'iso' mean in isopropyl or isobutyl?
    'Iso' means that the carbon with the removed hydrogen is connected to two identical groups, usually methyl groups.
  • What is a sec-butyl group and what does 'sec' stand for?
    A sec-butyl group is formed by removing a hydrogen from a secondary carbon in butane; 'sec' stands for secondary.
  • What is a constitutional (structural) isomer?
    A constitutional or structural isomer has the same molecular formula as another compound but different connections between atoms.
  • What is the difference between isobutyl and tert-butyl groups?
    Isobutyl is formed by removing a hydrogen from an end carbon of isobutane, while tert-butyl is formed by removing a hydrogen from a tertiary carbon.
  • What does 'tert' mean in tert-butyl, and how many carbons is the central carbon connected to?
    'Tert' means tertiary, indicating the central carbon is connected to three other carbons.
  • How are primary, secondary, and tertiary carbons defined?
    A primary carbon is connected to one other carbon, a secondary to two, and a tertiary to three other carbons.
  • What is a quaternary carbon?
    A quaternary carbon is a carbon atom connected to four other carbons.