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Spontaneous Reaction quiz #1

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Terms in this set (24)

  • What is true about spontaneous energy transformations?
    Spontaneous energy transformations occur without the need for an outside energy source; they are natural processes.
  • What type of reaction results in products that contain less free energy than the reactants?
    Exergonic reactions result in products with less free energy than the reactants.
  • What indicates a spontaneous reaction under standard conditions?
    A negative value of ΔG (Gibbs free energy) under standard conditions indicates a spontaneous reaction.
  • What defines a process that is both exothermic (at 1 atm) and spontaneous?
    A process that releases heat (ΔH < 0) and occurs naturally without outside energy is both exothermic and spontaneous.
  • What is the difference between spontaneous and nonspontaneous processes?
    Spontaneous processes occur without outside energy; nonspontaneous processes require continuous energy input.
  • What can be said about the spontaneity of the reaction: diamond → graphite?
    The conversion of diamond to graphite is spontaneous under standard conditions.
  • Will the following reaction occur spontaneously? CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O
    Yes, the combustion of methane is a spontaneous reaction.
  • What type of reactions always have a ΔH less than zero?
    Exothermic reactions always have ΔH < 0.
  • What characterizes a spontaneous process at 25°C?
    A process that occurs naturally at 25°C without energy input is spontaneous.
  • Which of the reactions are spontaneous (favorable)?
    Reactions that proceed without the need for outside energy are spontaneous (favorable).
  • What type of reaction will not take place on its own without the addition of free energy?
    Nonspontaneous reactions will not occur on their own and require added energy.
  • What statement about the spontaneity of a reaction and the rate of a reaction is true?
    Spontaneity is unrelated to reaction rate; a spontaneous reaction can be fast or slow.
  • What guarantees that a reaction will be spontaneous?
    A negative ΔG guarantees a reaction will be spontaneous.
  • For a spontaneous process,
    For a spontaneous process, no outside energy is required for it to occur.
  • What term describes a chemical reaction for which ΔG is positive?
    A reaction with positive ΔG is nonspontaneous.
  • A chemical reaction is designated as exergonic rather than endergonic when __________.
    A reaction is exergonic when it releases free energy (ΔG < 0).
  • A reaction will occur spontaneously if there is a _______ amount of free energy.
    A reaction will occur spontaneously if there is a decrease in free energy (ΔG < 0).
  • If a reaction is exergonic, then which of these statements is true?
    If a reaction is exergonic, it is spontaneous and releases free energy.
  • Classify each process as spontaneous or nonspontaneous.
    Spontaneous processes occur naturally without energy input; nonspontaneous processes require continuous energy.
  • Given the standard electrode reduction potentials, which reaction will occur spontaneously?
    The reaction with a positive cell potential (E°cell > 0) will occur spontaneously.
  • Which of the reactions are spontaneous (favorable)?
    Reactions that proceed without the need for outside energy are spontaneous (favorable).
  • Classify each process as spontaneous or nonspontaneous.
    Spontaneous processes occur naturally; nonspontaneous processes require continuous energy input.
  • The reverse of this reaction is always spontaneous.
    If a reaction is nonspontaneous, its reverse is spontaneous, and vice versa.
  • If a chemical reaction has a negative ΔH and a positive ΔS, then
    If ΔH is negative and ΔS is positive, the reaction is always spontaneous.