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Periodic Trends and Diagonal Relationships definitions

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Terms in this set (15)

  • Diagonal Relationships
    Similarities between a period 2 element and another element diagonally lower and to the right in the periodic table.
  • Nitride
    The charged form of nitrogen, typically with a -3 charge, formed by reaction with certain metals.
  • Thermal Decomposition
    A chemical reaction where a compound breaks down into simpler substances when heated.
  • Amphoteric
    A substance that can behave as both an acid and a base.
  • Semiconductor
    Materials that have electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator.
  • Oxyacid
    An acid that contains hydrogen, oxygen, and another element, often a nonmetal or metalloid.
  • Covalent Hydride
    Compounds formed by hydrogen and another element, often acting as strong reducing agents.
  • Reducing Agent
    A substance that donates electrons in a chemical reaction, reducing another substance.
  • Ionic Size
    The size of an ion, which can affect its chemical properties and interactions.
  • Atomic Radius
    The distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron shell of an atom.
  • Ionization Energy
    The energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion in its gaseous state.
  • Electron Affinity
    The change in energy when an electron is added to a neutral atom to form a negative ion.
  • Effective Nuclear Charge
    The net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom.
  • Metalloid
    Elements with properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals, often semiconductors.
  • Hydroxide
    A compound containing the hydroxide ion, OH-, often formed by reaction with water.